Analysis of erroneous actions in the design of critical systems
Analysis of erroneous actions in the design of critical systems
复制标题
关键系统设计中的错误行为分析
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Fields
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Fields
这篇论文是关于人为错误的研究。或者更准确地说，它是关于一种技术的研究，通过这种技术，交互式计算机系统的工程师和设计师可以预测一些与错误相关的问题，这些问题可能在他们的系统投入使用后出现。因此，本文的贡献在于提出并开发了一套新颖的基于形式的模型，以及用于分析交互系统设计过程中人为错误的可能性和后果的应用技术。本文提出了一些可用于分析错误行为及其后果的模型。这些模型描述了交互设备、用户的任务、可以在任务执行中发挥作用的过程，以及常见的错误操作模式。使用基于有限状态转换系统的现成符号来描述器件模型。提出了一种描述任务模型的新表示法，并将其语义定义为转换为设备建模表示法。这种转换已经实现，并可用于生成任务和设备的组合描述，通过使用现成的模型检查工具，用于对设备上的操作和任务的影响进行分析。可以将错误行为的模式引入模型，并以一种向分析人员强调交互式设备重新设计可能合适的方式调查其影响。通过对两个独立案例的应用，说明了这些模型的优点和适用性。本文概述了对基于模型检查器的框架的扩展，该扩展显示了如何通过对错误行为的认知原因进行建模来大大增强分析的复杂性。最后，本文对已经使用的形式表示进行了反思，并对这些形式表示进行了一些观察，特别是对HCI中形式方法的一般使用进行了观察。这允许对一些与人为错误相关的问题进行重新定义，并建议对在用户界面设计中应用形式化方法的更一般的方法问题进行看法。
This thesis is about the study of human error. Or more precisely it is about an investigation of techniques by which engineers and designers of interactive computer systems may anticipate some of the error-related problems that might arise once their systems are in use. The contribution of the thesis, therefore, is to propose and develop a novel set of formally-based models, together with techniques for their application in the service of analysing the potential for and consequences of human error in the use of interactive systems as a part of the process of their design. The thesis proposes a number of models that can be used to analyse erroneous acts and their consequences. The models describe interactive devices, users’ tasks, procedures that can play a role in the performance of tasks, and commonly occurring patterns of erroneous action. Device models are described using an off-the-shelf notation based on finite state transition systems. A new notation is proposed for describing task models and its semantics are defined as a translation into the device modelling notation. This translation has been implemented and can be used to produce a combined description of task and device that, by the use of an off-the-shelf model checking tool, is used to conduct analyses of the effects of actions and tasks on the device. Patterns of erroneous action can be introduced into the model and their effects investigated in a way that highlights to the analyst where re-design of the interactive device may be appropriate. The benefits and applicability of the models are illustrated by their application to two separate case studies. An extension to the model checker-based framework is outlined that shows how the sophistication of the analysis could be substantially enhanced by modelling the cognitive causes of erroneous actions. Finally, the thesis reflects on the formal representations that have been used, and makes some observations about these formalisms in particular, and about the use of formal methods in HCI in general. This allows a re-framing of some problems related to human error, and suggests a view on more general methodological issues where formal methods are applied in user interface design.