High prevalence disorders in urban and rural communities
High prevalence disorders in urban and rural communities
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.00986.x
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发表时间：
2002-02-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Fraser, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Judd, FK;Jackson, HJ;Fraser, C
目的：高流行率的疾病（焦虑、抑郁和药物使用）通常被认为在城市居民中比农村居民更常见。本文的目的是（一）批判性地审查研究测量患病率在农村，而不是城市的位置，（二）认为需要超越“量”的问题，以质量的问题：如何城市或农村的地方影响心理健康？方法：文献综述（Medline和PsychLIT）进行了使用的话“农村，城市，精神/精神，疾病/障碍和患病率”，以及审查相关的论文和出版物已知的作者。大多数国家对城市和农村采用“一刀切”的定义，认为地点是关键问题。大多数人未能显示这两种环境之间流行率的所谓差异。一般来说，研究没有检查相互作用效应，而只是将自变量作为主效应。现有数据表明，各种社会人口因素是更强大的预测差异的患病率比居住locationofresidence.Conclusion：需要进一步的研究，以了解是否以及如何农村或城市的地方有助于精神病发病率的发展。这些研究应反映临床情况，考虑到各种可能是精神健康和精神疾病的重要决定因素的个人和社区（包括城市/农村）风险因素，并研究它们之间的相互作用。这样就可以确定任何差异的性质，或者确定哪些问题是农村环境特有的或特别重要的。
Objective: High prevalence disorders (anxiety, depressive and substance use) are generally assumed to be more common in urban than rural dwellers. The aims of this paper are (i) to critically review studies measuring prevalence in rural as opposed to urban location, and (ii) to argue the need to look beyond the 'quantity' question to the quality question: how does urban or rural place influence mental health?Method: A literature review (Medline and PsychLIT) was carried out using the words 'rural, urban, mental/psychiatric, illness/disorders and prevalence', as well as a review of relevant papers and publications known to the authors.Results: Many studies examining urban/rural differences in the rate of high prevalence disorders have been reported. Most use a 'one size fits all' definition of urban and rural, which assumes location is the key issue. The majority fail to show the purported difference in prevalence between the two settings. In general, studies have not examined interaction effects, but have simply treated the independent variables as main effects. Available data suggest that a variety of socio-demographic factors are more powerful predictors of difference in prevalence than is the location of residence.Conclusion: Further studies are required to understand if and how rural or urban place contributes to the development of psychiatric morbidity. These studies should mirror the clinical situation by taking into account a variety of individual and community-based (including urban/rural place) risk factors which may be important determinants of mental health and mental illness, and examining the interaction between them. This may then identify the nature of any differences or what issues are specific to, or especially important, in the rural setting.