Evidence for the indirect effects of pesticides on farmland birds
Evidence for the indirect effects of pesticides on farmland birds
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1474-919x.2004.00347.x
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发表时间：
2004-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Robertson, PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boatman, ND;Brickle, NW;Robertson, PA
杀虫剂通过食物链产生的间接影响被认为是农田鸟类数量减少的一个可能的原因。为了证明这种联系，需要以下证据：(1) 食物丰富度对繁殖性能或生存的影响； (2) 繁殖性能或存活率对种群变化的影响； (3) 农药对食物资源的影响足以降低繁殖性能或存活率，从而影响种群变化率。所有三个类别下的证据仅适用于一种物种，即灰鹧鸪 Perdix，尽管也有其他一些物种的数据显示农药对食物资源的影响以及食物资源与繁殖性能之间的关系。本文报告了最近的研究工作，调查了繁殖季节农药对黄锤鹬和云雀 Alauda arvensis 的影响。黄锤幼鸟减少的概率受巢周围觅食区域喷洒杀虫剂的比例影响。农药对云雀雏鸟的状况或生长速度没有显着影响，但样本量很小。无脊椎动物的食物丰度影响雏鸡的状况（云雀）和羽翼未丰的雏鸡数量（黄锤和玉米鹀米利亚丽亚卡兰德拉；后者的关系源自对早期研究数据的重新分析）。简要回顾了最近的其他工作，并总结了农药间接影响的当前证据。确定了重大的知识差距，并讨论了解决这些问题所涉及的一些问题。
Indirect effects of pesticides, operating through the food chain, have been proposed as a possible causal factor in the decline of farmland bird species. To demonstrate such a link, evidence is needed of (1) an effect of food abundance on breeding performance or survival; (2) an effect of breeding performance or survival on population change; and (3) pesticide effects on food resources, sufficient to reduce breeding performance or survival, and hence to affect the rate of population change. Evidence under all three categories is only available for one species, the Grey Partridge Perdix perdix, although data showing effects of pesticides on food resources and relationships between food resources and breeding performance are also available for some other species. This paper reports on recent work investigating the effects of pesticides on Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella and Skylark Alauda arvensis during the breeding season. The probability of brood reduction in Yellowhammer was affected by the proportion of the foraging area around the nest which was sprayed with insecticide. No significant effects of pesticides were recorded on Skylark chick condition or growth rate, but sample sizes were small. Invertebrate food abundance affected chick condition (Skylark) and the number of chicks fledging (Yellowhammer and Corn Bunting Miliaria calandra; relationship for the latter derived from re-analysis of data from an earlier study). Other recent work is briefly reviewed and the current evidence for the indirect effects of pesticides is summarized. Significant knowledge gaps are identified and some of the issues involved in resolving these are discussed.