Aversive learning-induced plasticity throughout the adult mammalian olfactory system: insights across development.
Aversive learning-induced plasticity throughout the adult mammalian olfactory system: insights across development.
复制标题
厌恶学习引起的整个成年哺乳动物嗅觉系统的可塑性：整个发展的见解。
DOI：
10.1007/s10863-018-9770-z
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Fletcher,MaxL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ross,JordanM;Fletcher,MaxL
已知诸如感觉学习之类的经验会诱导哺乳动物感觉系统的可塑性。近年来，在成人嗅觉通路的所有阶段都发现了厌恶性嗅觉学习诱发的可塑性。然而，其根本机制尚未确定。关于嗅觉联想学习机制的大部分工作都来自新生儿，在此之前大脑或嗅觉系统已完全发育。此外，当幼犬和成年犬受到相同的嗅觉厌恶调节范式时，通常会表现出不同的行为结果，因此很难将幼犬的可塑性机制直接归因于成年犬。尽管存在差异，但有证据表明幼犬和成年犬在学习引起的嗅觉系统变化方面存在相似之处，这表明至少存在一些保守的机制。识别这些保守的可塑性机制将极大地增加我们对大脑如何能够改变显着嗅觉信息的编码和巩固的理解，即使在厌恶学习后的最早阶段也是如此。本综述的重点是系统地研究有关跨发育阶段嗅觉联想学习的文献，并寻找相似之处，以建立可检验的假设，为未来研究成人厌恶性学习引起的感觉可塑性提供信息。
Experiences, such as sensory learning, are known to induce plasticity in mammalian sensory systems. In recent years aversive olfactory learning-induced plasticity has been identified at all stages of the adult olfactory pathway; however, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be identified. Much of the work regarding mechanisms of olfactory associative learning comes from neonates, a time point before which the brain or olfactory system is fully developed. In addition, pups and adults often express different behavioral outcomes when subjected to the same olfactory aversive conditioning paradigm, making it difficult to directly attribute pup mechanisms of plasticity to adults. Despite the differences, there is evidence of similarities between pups and adults in terms of learning-induced changes in the olfactory system, suggesting at least some conserved mechanisms. Identifying these conserved mechanisms of plasticity would dramatically increase our understanding of how the brain is able to alter encoding and consolidation of salient olfactory information even at the earliest stages following aversive learning. The focus of this review is to systematically examine literature regarding olfactory associative learning across developmental stages and search for similarities in order to build testable hypotheses that will inform future studies of aversive learning-induced sensory plasticity in adults.