Wolbachia in filarial nematodes:: evolutionary aspects and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of filarial diseases
Wolbachia in filarial nematodes:: evolutionary aspects and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of filarial diseases
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DOI：
10.1016/s0304-4017(01)00432-0
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发表时间：
2001-07-12
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Brattig, NW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bandi, C;Trees, AJ;Brattig, NW
早在 20 世纪 70 年代中期，人们就观察到各种丝虫线虫体内存在细胞内细菌，其中包括马来丝虫、恶丝虫和盘尾丝虫等重要寄生虫。这些细菌被证明是跨卵巢传播的（从雌性蠕虫到后代）并且在线虫体内大量存在。正如其发现者所强调的，这些细菌的潜在重要性是相当明显的：（1）细菌衍生的分子应被认为在丝虫疾病中具有免疫学和病理学作用； (2)鉴于细菌可能是宿主线虫所需要的并且因此可以代表治疗靶标，细菌和丝虫宿主之间的相互作用值得研究。其他作者，独立于这些细胞内细菌的发现，表明抗生素四环素（以其对细胞内细菌的功效而闻名）对两种丝虫线虫（彭亨丝虫和乙状丝虫）具有有害影响。因此，令人惊讶的是，20多年来，没有进一步的研究集中在丝虫线虫的细菌上，也没有集中在四环素的抗丝虫特性上。最近，来自汉堡、利物浦和米兰学校的研究小组独立“重新发现”了丝虫线虫细菌。这些细菌现在被归类为沃尔巴克氏体，并且它们的系统发育史以及与节肢动物沃尔巴克氏体的关系的基本方面已经被重建。此外，它们对丝虫疾病的发病机制和治疗的影响也已开始被发现。这篇论文由重新开放这一研究领域的三所欧洲学校的代表撰写，回顾了我们目前对这些令人着迷的微生物的了解，强调了共生系统的复杂性，除了线虫及其细菌之外，还涉及脊椎动物宿主。 (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. 保留所有权利。
The presence of intracellular bacteria in the body of various species of filarial nematodes, including important parasites such as Brugia malayi, Dirofilaria immitis, and Onchocerca volvulus, was observed as early as the mid-1970s. These bacteria were shown to be transovarially transmitted (from the female worm to the offspring) and to be present in significant amounts in the body of the nematode. As highlighted by their discoverers, the potential importance of these bacteria is fairly obvious: (1) bacteria-derived molecules should be considered as having an immunological and pathological role in filarial diseases; (2) the interaction between the bacteria and the filarial host deserves investigation, in view of the possibility that the bacteria are needed by the host nematode and could thus represent a target for therapy. Other authors, independently from the discovery of these intracellular bacteria, showed that the antibiotic tetracycline (which is well known for its efficacy on intracellular bacteria) had detrimental effects on two species of filarial nematodes (Brugia pahangi and Litomosoides sigmodontis). It is therefore surprising that for more than 20 years, no further investigations focused on the bacteria of filarial nematodes, nor on the anti-filarial properties of tetracycline. Recently, the bacteria of filarial nematodes have been independently "rediscovered" by research groups from the schools of Hamburg, Liverpool and Milan. These bacteria are now classified as Wolbachia, and the basic aspects of their phylogenetic history and relationship with the Wolbachia of arthropods have been reconstructed. In addition, their implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of filarial diseases have started to be uncovered. This paper, which is authored by representatives of the three European schools who reopened this research area, reviews our present knowledge of these fascinating microorganisms, highlighting the complexity of a symbiotic system which involves, in addition to the nematode and its bacterium, the vertebrate host. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.