Claiming a space in a changing South Africa: The ''squatters'' of Marconi Beam, Cape Town
Claiming a space in a changing South Africa: The ''squatters'' of Marconi Beam, Cape Town
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8306.1996.tb01752.x
复制
发表时间：
1996-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Saff, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saff, G
南非政治过渡时期（1990 - 1994年）的城市政策和进程不仅仅是1980年代后期所采用的政策和进程的延续。这些新政策加上政治过渡的性质，为南非城市环境的两个重要变化创造了条件：1）一些以前隔离的城市地区在法律上废除了种族隔离; 2）少数城市穷人在一些以前的“白人”郊区夺取了黄金土地。本文通过对开普敦一个"白人"郊区建立非正式定居点的案例研究来探讨这些变化。1990年，黑人擅自占地者在米尔纳顿白色郊区的一块国有土地马可尼梁上建立了棚屋。虽然这些擅自占地者设法在该地区站稳脚跟，但他们很少有机会使用郊区的社会和教育设施，在国家政治过渡期间（及以后），他们被排除在官方的地方政府机构之外。我认为，只有通过过渡时期的独特政治，地方政府--主要是无视他们的白色选民的意愿--才允许马可尼比姆这样的定居点留在这些地方。随着阶级取代种族成为南非城市结构背后的驱动力，随着新的民选地方政府对城市环境拥有更多的控制权，相对富裕的废除种族隔离的郊区不太可能容忍类似的非正式定居点。
The urban policies and processes during the political transition (1990-1994) in South Africa were more than a continuation of those employed in the late 1980s. These new policies together with the nature of the political transition created the conditions for two important changes in South Africa's urban environment: 1) the de jure desegregation of some formerly segregated urban areas; and 2) the seizure by small numbers of the urban poor of prime land within some previously ''white'' suburbs. This paper investigates these changes through a case study of the establishment of an informal settlement within a ''white'' suburb in Cape Town.In 1990 black squatters erected shacks on Marconi Beam, a piece of state-owned land within the white suburb of Milnerton. While these squatters managed to maintain their foothold in the area, they gained little access to the suburb's social and educational facilities and they were excluded from official local government institutions for the duration of the national political transition (and beyond). I argue that it was only through the unique politics of the transition that local governments-largely in defiance of the wishes of their white voters-permitted settlements such as Marconi Beam to remain in these locations. As class replaces race as the driving force behind South Africa's city structure, and as new democratically elected local governments assert more control over the urban environment, it is unlikely that relatively affluent desegregating suburbs will tolerate similar informal settlements.