Geomorphodynamics in Argan Woodlands, South Morocco
Geomorphodynamics in Argan Woodlands, South Morocco
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DOI：
10.3390/w11102193
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发表时间：
2019-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Mario Kirchhoff;L. Engelmann;L. Zimmermann;M. Seeger;I. Marzolff;Ali Aït Hssaine;J. Ries
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mario Kirchhoff;L. Engelmann;L. Zimmermann;M. Seeger;I. Marzolff;Ali Aït Hssaine;J. Ries
摩洛哥南部的特有摩洛哥坚果树（Argania spinosa）种群由于在干旱年份用作生物质资源和非法提取木柴而高度退化。农业用地的集约化和扩大导致林地面积减少，而剩余的阿甘开放林地往往被过度放牧。因此，树冠覆盖面积减少，而没有植被覆盖的地区之间的阿甘树增加。共进行了36次降雨模拟试验和60次入渗测量，以研究树木覆盖区和裸树间区之间的潜在差异。此外，还在树下和平行于等高线的树间区域采集了60个土壤样本。使用t检验的显着差异，发现树和树间地区的研究参数Ksat，Kh，pH值，电导率，渗流稳定性，总C含量，总N含量，K含量，Na含量，和Mg含量。地表径流和土壤流失并不确定，但显示出类似的趋势。结果表明，阿甘树对下层土壤影响显著，而林间土壤保护程度较低，退化程度较严重。因此，当树间面积由于缺乏阿甘树的复壮而进一步扩大时，假设土壤进一步退化是合理的。
The endemic argan tree (Argania spinosa) populations in South Morocco are highly degraded due to their use as a biomass resource in dry years and illegal firewood extraction. The intensification and expansion of agricultural land lead to a retreat of the wooded area, while the remaining argan open woodlands are often overgrazed. Thus, canopy-covered areas decrease while areas without vegetation cover between the argan trees increase. In total, 36 rainfall simulation experiments as well as 60 infiltration measurements were conducted to investigate the potential difference between tree-covered areas and bare intertree areas. In addition, 60 soil samples were taken under the trees and in the intertree areas parallel to the contour lines. Significant differences using a t-test were found between tree and intertree areas for the studied parameters Ksat, Kh, pH, electric conductivity, percolation stability, total C-content, total N-content, K-content, Na-content, and Mg-content. Surface runoff and soil losses were not as conclusive but showed similar trends. The results showed that argan trees influence the soil underneath significantly, while the soil in intertree areas is less protected and more degraded. It is therefore reasonable to assume further degradation of the soil when intertree areas extend further due to lack of rejuvenation of argan trees.