Memory decay and generalization following distinct motor learning mechanisms
Memory decay and generalization following distinct motor learning mechanisms
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00105.2022
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发表时间：
2022-12-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Lei, Yuming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bao, Shancheng;Lei, Yuming
运动技能学习被认为是多种学习机制的贡献，包括基于错误的学习（EBL），使用依赖学习（UDL）和强化学习（RL）。这些学习机制表现出可分离的角色，并在技能获取过程中参与不同的神经回路。然而，通过每种学习机制获得的新形成的运动记忆如何随着时间的推移而衰减以及不同的学习机制是否产生不同的泛化模式仍然是未知的。在这里，我们使用的变体达到范式，分离这些学习机制，以检查每次学习后的记忆衰退的时间过程和每次学习的泛化模式。我们发现，通过这些学习机制获得的运动记忆随着时间的推移而衰减。实验结果表明，EBL组在15 min、6 h和24 h时记忆衰退程度明显大于RL组。通过UDL获得的记忆在几分钟内就消失了。通过EBL和RL形成的运动记忆对于给定的运动方向推广到未经训练的运动方向，EBL的推广大于RL。相反，UDL的运动记忆不能概括为未经训练的运动方向。这些结果表明，不同的学习机制表现出不同的记忆衰退和泛化模式。新&值得注意的是，运动技能学习可能涉及基于错误的学习、使用依赖的可塑性和操作性再训练。在这里，我们发现这些可分离的学习机制表现出不同的记忆衰退和泛化模式。随着对这些学习机制特征的更好理解，有可能分别调节每个学习过程以改善神经康复。
Motor skill learning is considered to arise out of contributions from multiple learning mechanisms, including error-based learning (EBL), use-dependent learning (UDL), and reinforcement learning (RL). These learning mechanisms exhibit dissociable roles and engage different neural circuits during skill acquisition. However, it remains largely unknown how a newly formed motor memory acquired through each learning mechanism decays over time and whether distinct learning mechanisms produce different gener-alization patterns. Here, we used variants of reaching paradigms that dissociated these learning mechanisms to examine the time course of memory decay following each learning and the generalization patterns of each learning. We found that motor memories acquired through these learning mechanisms decayed as a function of time. Notably, 15 min, 6 h, and 24 h after ac-quisition, the memory of EBL decayed much greater than that of RL. The memory acquired through UDL faded away within a few minutes. Motor memories formed through EBL and RL for given movement directions generalized to untrained movement directions, with the generalization of EBL being greater than that of RL. In contrast, motor memory of UDL could not generalize to untrained movement directions. These results suggest that distinct learning mechanisms exhibit different patterns of memory decay and generalization.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Motor skill learning is likely to involve error-based learning, use-dependent plasticity, and operant rein-forcement. Here, we showed that these dissociable learning mechanisms exhibited distinct patterns of memory decay and gen-eralization. With a better understanding of the characteristics of these learning mechanisms, it becomes possible to regulate each learning process separately to improve neurological rehabilitation.