The Economic Nature of Basic Human Rights: Economic Explanations of Cross‐National Variations in Governmental Basic Human Rights Performance
The Economic Nature of Basic Human Rights: Economic Explanations of Cross‐National Variations in Governmental Basic Human Rights Performance
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基本人权的经济本质：政府基本人权表现的跨国差异的经济解释
DOI：
10.1111/0149-0508.00089
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Heinisch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Heinisch
本文考察了100多个国家政府基本人权表现的经济解释。根据亨利·舒对基本权利的概念化，我分析了一系列关键经济变量（发展水平、收入分配、增长率、对外贸易和外国投资）对基本社会经济和政治权利（这里定义为生存权和安全权）的影响。
借鉴现有文献的批评，本文呼吁一个新的实证方法，跨区域的比较人权研究。本文首先对基本权利的概念进行了概念化和操作化。然后，它对从经济角度解释权利的相关文献进行了批判性审查。通过使用相关性分析，交叉表，双变量和多元回归技术分析个人和综合影响，我解释我的研究结果如下：基本人权的表现是更不同的国家可比的经济背景比大多数其他研究的类似性质。虽然经济条件对所有基本权利都有重大影响，但在基本权利的类型和有关的具体经济变量方面存在着重大差异。与生存权相比，担保权受经济因素的影响较小。低于国民生产总值/人均收入约1 000美元的门槛值的国家一般无法保证哪怕是最低限度的生存权。虽然发展水平可以解释近50%的基本人权表现差异，但收入分配在较发达国家变得更加重要。其他研究结果表明，对外贸易对担保权有着显著的负面影响，而与生存权则有一定的正相关关系。
This paper examines economic explanations of governmental basic human rights performance in more than one hundred nations. Following Henry Shue's conceptualization of basic rights, I analyze a set of key economic variables (level of development, income distribution, rate of growth, foreign trade, and foreign investment) in terms of their impact on basic socioeconomic and political rights (defined here are subsistence and security rights).
Drawing on criticisms of the existing literature, the paper calls for a new empirical approach to cross-regional comparative human rights studies. The article first conceptualizes and operationalizes the concept of basic rights. It then provides a critical review of the relevant literature on economic explanations of rights. Analyzing both individual and combined effects by using correlations analysis, cross-tabulations, bivariate and multiple regression techniques, I interpret my findings as follows: Basic human rights performance is much more varied across nations of comparable economic background than indicated by most other studies of a similar nature. While economic conditions have a significant impact on all basic rights, there are, nevertheless, important differences with respect to the type of basic right and the specific economic variable concerned. Security rights tend to be less affected by economic factors than subsistence rights. Below the threshold of about $1,000 Gross National Product (GNP)/capita income countries are generally unable to guarantee even a modicum of subsistence rights. While level of development can explain close to 50% of the variation in basic human rights performance, income distribution becomes more crucial the more developed nations are. Other findings show foreign trade to have a significantly negative impact on security rights while being somewhat positively related with subsistence rights.