Understanding policy stability and change. the interplay of advocacy coalitions and epistemic communities, windows of opportunity, and Dutch coastal flooding policy 1945–20031
Understanding policy stability and change. the interplay of advocacy coalitions and epistemic communities, windows of opportunity, and Dutch coastal flooding policy 1945–20031
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了解政策稳定性和变化。倡导联盟和认知社区、机会之窗和 1945-20031 年荷兰沿海洪水政策的相互作用。
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发表时间：
2005
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通讯作者：
S. Meijerink
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作者：
S. Meijerink
倡导联盟、多流、间断均衡和认知社区框架都指向影响政策稳定性和政策变化的相关过程。本文认为，这些框架部分重叠，部分产生对立的假设，但最重要的是，它们为长期政策制定提供了互补的解释。在1945-2003年荷兰沿海洪水政策的案例研究中，我们说明了一个稳定的“安全联盟”是如何与土木工程师的知识共同体紧密联系在一起的，维持了由交通、公共工程和水管理部建立的政策垄断。该联盟负责三角洲工程的建设，这是一项沿海工程项目，旨在将荷兰西南部的大多数河口围起来。它还展示了一个由渔民和新发展的生态认知社区支持的环保主义者联盟如何能够通过塑造新的政策形象和利用国家政府转变所创造的机会来带来重大的政策变化。
Abstract The advocacy coalition, multiple streams, punctuated equilibrium, and epistemic communities frameworks all point to relevant processes conditioning policy stability and policy change. In this paper it is argued that these frameworks are partly overlapping, partly producing rival hypotheses, but most of all they offer complementary explanations for long-term policy development. In a case study of Dutch coastal flooding policy 1945–2003 we illustrate how a stable ‘safety coalition’, closely tied to an epistemic community of civil engineers, sustained a policy monopoly established by the Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management. This coalition was responsible for the construction of the Delta Works, a programme of coastal engineering works aimed at the enclosure of most estuaries in the south-western part of the Netherlands. It is also shown how an environmentalist coalition, supported by fishermen and a newly developing ecological epistemic community, has been able to bring about major policy change by fashioning a new policy image, and exploiting a window of opportunity created by a shift of national government.