Physics in ultra-strong magnetic fields
Physics in ultra-strong magnetic fields
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DOI：
10.1063/1.1361651
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发表时间：
2000-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Duncan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Duncan
在比BQ≡me2c3/ h e=4.4×1013高斯强的磁场中，电子的朗道激发能超过其静止能。我回顾了这个奇怪的机制的物理学，以及它对中子星的地壳和磁层的一些含义。特别是，我描述了超强场如何使真空双折射，并能够扭曲和放大图像（“磁透镜”）；•改变电子的自能：随着B的增加，它们首先比我轻，然后稍微重；•导致光子快速分裂并相互融合；•将原子扭曲成细长的圆柱体，将分子扭曲成坚固的聚合物状链；•增强热对光子气体中的对密度；•强烈抑制光子电子散射，并•驱动真空本身不稳定，在极大的b。在结论部分，我讨论了超磁化中子星的自旋下降和最近的软伽马中继器观测。
In magnetic fields stronger than BQ≡me2c3/ℏe=4.4×1013 Gauss, an electron’s Landau excitation energy exceeds its rest energy. I review the physics of this strange regime and some of its implications for the crusts and magnetospheres of neutron stars. In particular, I describe how ultra-strong fields • render the vacuum birefringent and capable of distorting and magnifying images (“magnetic lensing”); • change the self-energy of electrons: as B increases they are first slightly lighter than me, then slightly heavier; • cause photons to rapidly split and merge with each other; • distort atoms into long, thin cylinders and molecules into strong, polymer-like chains; • enhance the pair density in thermal pair-photon gases; • strongly suppress photon-electron scattering, and • drive the vacuum itself unstable, at extremely large B. In a concluding section, I discuss the spindown of ultra-magnetized neutron stars and recent soft gamma repeater observations.