Glaucoma and Alzheimer Disease: One Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disease of the Brain.
Glaucoma and Alzheimer Disease: One Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disease of the Brain.
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DOI：
10.2174/1570159x16666171206144045
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Nucci C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mancino R;Martucci A;Cesareo M;Giannini C;Corasaniti MT;Bagetta G;Nucci C
开角型青光眼（POAG）是世界范围内不可逆性失明的主要原因。眼内压升高被认为是青光眼的重要风险因素;然而，即使存在正常眼内压值，一部分患者也会经历疾病进展。这意味着除眼内压以外的危险因素也参与了青光眼的发病机制。青光眼和神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病之间可能存在关系。在这方面，我们最近描述了一个高患病率的改变典型的青光眼，使用海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪-3，在一组阿尔茨海默病患者。有趣的是，这些改变与眼内压升高或中央角膜厚度值异常无关。阿尔茨海默病是最常见的痴呆症形式，伴随着记忆和认知的进行性恶化。与视力有关的投诉在阿尔茨海默病患者中很常见。 本文就青光眼和阿尔茨海默病的相关研究作一综述。 最近文献中收集的疾病特征，即共同特征，风险因素和病理生理机制确实表明阿尔茨海默病和青光眼可以被认为是可能在老年人中共存的年龄相关神经退行性疾病。 总之，迄今为止收集的临床前和临床证据支持青光眼是一种广泛的神经退行性疾病的概念，其与其他疾病（即阿尔茨海默病）的共同发病机制应进一步研究，因为它们可能为这些疾病提供新的线索，改善诊断和治疗。
Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Elevated intraocular pressure is considered an important risk factor for glaucoma; however, a subset of patients experiences a progression of the disease even in presence of normal intraocular pressure values. This implies that risk factors other than intraocular pressure are involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. A possible relationship between glaucoma and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer Disease has been suggested. In this regard, we recently described a high prevalence of alterations typical of glaucoma, using Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph-3, in a group of patients with Alzheimer Disease. Interestingly, these alterations were not associated with elevated intraocular pressure or abnormal Central Corneal Thickness values. Alzheimer Disease is the most common form of dementia with progressive deterioration of memory and cognition. Complaints related to vision are common among Alzheimer Disease patients. In this paper researches related to glaucoma and Alzheimer disease are reviewed. Diseases characteristics, i.e. common features, risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms gathered in the recent literature do suggest that Alzheimer Disease and glaucoma can be considered both age-related neurodegenerative diseases that may co-exist in the elderly. In conclusion, preclinical and clinical evidence gathered so far support the notion that glaucoma is a widespread neurodegenerative condition whose common pathogenetic mechanisms with other diseases, i.e. Alzheimer Disease, should be further investigated as they may shed new light on these diseases improving both diagnosis and treatments.