Effects of Elevated Temperatures and Rising Sea Level on Arctic Coast
Effects of Elevated Temperatures and Rising Sea Level on Arctic Coast
复制标题
气温升高和海平面上升对北极海岸的影响
DOI：
10.1061/(asce)0887-381x(1990)4:1(21
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
P. Barnes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Barnes
冰是内陆架上的一个主要因素，它刨削底部，增加水力冲刷，输送沉积物，并影响河流洪水模式。海岸快速后退是常见的，低屏障岛屿和海滩由于永久冻土，冰推，波浪和水流的影响而不断变化。目前，海岸过程是冰的影响与波浪和海流的作用之间的平衡。过程的定量值知之甚少，但我们的定性理解几乎是完整的。气候变暖和海平面上升将减少沿海冰的时间和空中范围，从而扩大波浪和海流的作用。因此，海岸线后退速度将增加，在低海岸平原上产生海侵侵蚀面。随着波浪活动的增加，目前由冰推过程滋养的海滩和屏障岛屿将腐烂和消失。深度解冻的活动层增加了沉积物供应，将向河流和海岸释放更多的沉积物。更多的研究应集中在冻结和解体期间活跃的永久冻土和海冰过程;这两个季节的活动和变化最活跃。
Ice is a major agent on the inner shelf, gouging the bottom, increasing hydraulic scour, transporting sediment, and influencing river flood patterns. Rapid coastal retreat is common and low barrier islands and beaches are constantly changing due to the influence of permafrost, ice-push, waves, and currents. Coastal processes are presently a balance between the influence of ice and the action of waves and currents. Quantitative values for processes are poorly known, however our qualitative understanding is nearly complete. Climatic warming and rising sea levels would decrease the temporal and aerial extent of coastal ice thereby expanding the role of waves and currents. As a result, shoreline retreat rates would increase, producing a transgressive erosional surface on the low coastal plain. With increased wave activity, beaches and barrier islands presently nourished by ice push processes would decay and disappear. Increased sediment supply from a deeply thawed, active layer would release more sediments to rivers and coasts. Additional research should be focused on permafrost and sea ice processes active during freeze up and breakup; the two seasons of most vigorous activity and change.