Relationships between forest cover and fish diversity in the Amazon River floodplain
Relationships between forest cover and fish diversity in the Amazon River floodplain
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.12967
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Freitas, Carlos E. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arantes, Caroline C.;Winemiller, Kirk O.;Freitas, Carlos E. C.
1.生境退化导致生物多样性丧失和生态系统进程的相应变化。热带河流洪泛区受到土地覆被变化的高度威胁，并支持高度的生物多样性和重要的生态系统服务，但洪泛区土地覆被变化对鱼类生物多样性的影响程度仍然未知。我们结合鱼类和环境数据收集的现场和卫星地图的景观特征，以评估不同的生态策略和组合结构的鱼类物种如何应对亚马逊河洪泛区的森林砍伐。我们调查了462洪泛区栖息地分布沿着梯度的土地覆盖，从大部分森林严重砍伐。而不是只分析分类指标，我们采用了一种综合的方法，同时考虑不同方面的鱼类生物多样性（即β多样性和分类和功能组合结构），以促进土地覆盖的影响机制的解释。亚马逊河洪泛区鱼类生物多样性的空间格局与森林覆盖以及与景观梯度相关的当地环境条件密切相关。几个物种和功能组定义的生活史，喂养，游泳/微生境使用策略与森林覆盖呈正相关。其他物种，包括一些通常被认为是生境通才的物种和直接依赖本地资源的物种（如食草动物），在以草本植物为主的地区或与森林覆盖梯度相反的开放水域生境中最为常见。β多样性和生境内物种组合的独特性程度也与森林覆盖率呈正相关.合成与应用。我们的研究结果表明，鱼类生物多样性的空间格局与森林覆盖率，表明亚马逊河洪泛区的森林砍伐导致鱼类组合的空间同质化和减少功能多样性在当地和区域尺度。全世界的洪泛区都经历了重大的土地覆盖变化，预计今后几十年森林损失将增加。保护这些生态系统中的鱼类多样性需要保护水生生境和洪泛区植被的镶嵌结构，充分的森林覆盖至关重要。
1. Habitat degradation leads to biodiversity loss and concomitant changes in ecosystem processes. Tropical river floodplains are highly threatened by land cover changes and support high biodiversity and important ecosystem services, but the extent to which changes in floodplain land cover affect fish biodiversity remains unknown.2. We combined fish and environmental data collected in situ and satellite-mapped landscape features to evaluate how fish species with different ecological strategies and assemblage structures respond to deforestation in floodplains of the Amazon River. We surveyed 462 floodplain habitats distributed along a gradient of land cover, from largely forested to severely deforested. Rather than analyse only taxonomic metrics, we employed an integrative approach that simultaneously considers different aspects of fish biodiversity (i.e. beta diversity and taxonomic and functional assemblage structure) to facilitate mechanistic interpretations of the influence of land cover.3. Spatial patterns of fish biodiversity in the Amazon River floodplain were strongly associated with forest cover as well as local environmental conditions linked to landscape gradients. Several species and functional groups defined by life-history, feeding, swimming/microhabitat-use strategies were positively associated with forest cover. Other species, including some that would usually be considered habitat generalists and species directly dependent on autochthonous resources (e.g. planktivores), were most common in areas dominated by herbaceous vegetation or open water habitats associated with the opposite extreme of the forest cover gradient. beta diversity and the degree of uniqueness of species combinations within habitats were also positively associated with forest cover.4. Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrating that spatial patterns of fish biodiversity are associated with forest cover, indicate that deforestation of floodplains of the Amazon River results in spatial homogenization of fish assemblages and reduced functional diversity at both local and regional scales. Floodplains world-wide have undergone major land cover changes, with forest loss projected to increase during the next decades. Conserving fish diversity in these ecosystems requires protecting mosaics of both aquatic habitats and floodplain vegetation, with sufficient forest cover being critically important.