The omnivorous diet of modern technology
The omnivorous diet of modern technology
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.02.010
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Graedel, T. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenfield, Aaron;Graedel, T. E.
两个世纪以前，技术的饮食（使用的材料的多样性）主要由天然材料和少数金属组成。一个世纪后，饮食的多样性已经扩大到大约十几种常用的材料。相比之下，今天的技术几乎采用了元素周期表中的每一种材料，电子、医疗技术和喷气发动机的材料演变在本文中说明了这种行为。然而，某一国家或地区的地质矿床往往只有最低限度到中等程度的元素多样性。因此，如果要维持现代技术，就需要广泛和多样化的金属贸易。本文讨论了最近工业对元素稀缺的反应及其对企业和政府政策的影响。(C) 2013 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Two centuries ago the diet of technology (the diversity of materials utilized) consisted largely of natural materials and a few metals. A century later, the diversity in the diet had expanded to perhaps a dozen materials in common use. In contrast, today's technology employs nearly every material in the periodic table, a behavior illustrated in this paper by the material evolution of electronics, medical technology, and the jet engine. Geological deposits in a given country or region tend to have only minimal to moderate elemental diversity, however. As a result, an extensive and diverse metal trade is required if modern technology is to be sustained. Some recent industry responses to elemental scarcity and implications for corporate and governmental policy are discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.