[Effects of plant density and nitrogen level on nitrogen uptake and utilization of winter wheat].
[Effects of plant density and nitrogen level on nitrogen uptake and utilization of winter wheat].
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发表时间：
2015-06
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通讯作者：
Juan Zhang;Tong-hua Wu;X. Dai;Xi-zhi Wang;Hong-mei Li;Ming Jiang;M. He
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作者：
Juan Zhang;Tong-hua Wu;X. Dai;Xi-zhi Wang;Hong-mei Li;Ming Jiang;M. He
对一个冬小麦品种进行了为期两年（2011-2012年和2012-2013年）的田间试验，该品种在三种植株密度（135 x 10(4)、270 x 10(4)和405 x 10(4)植株·hm(-2)）下提供两种水平的氮（180和240 kg N·hm(-2)）。将15N标记尿素分别注入20、60和100 cm土壤深度，旨在研究氮素和植物密度及其交互作用对不同土壤深度氮素吸收、利用和硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明,将植物密度从135×10(4)株增加到405×10(4)株·hm(-2),20、60和100 cm深度的15N吸收量显着分别增加1.86、2.28和2.51 kg·hm(-2),提高了地上氮素吸收量(AGN)、氮素吸收效率。 (UPE)平均分别降低12.6%和12.6%，但氮利用效率(UTE)降低5.4%。与240 kg N·hm(-2)的施氮量相比，180 kg N·hm(-2)使20和60 cm深度的15N吸收量平均分别显着降低4. 11和1.21 kg·hm(-2)，使100 cm深度的15N吸收量平均显着增加1.02 kg·hm(-2)。减少氮输入使 AGN 平均降低 13.5%，但 UPE 和 UTE 分别显着增加 9.4% 和 12.2%。施氮量180 kg N·hm(-2)、植株密度405 x 10(4)株·hm(-2)和施氮量240 kg N·hm(-2)、植株密度270 x 10(4)和405 x 10(4)株·hm(-2)观察到等效籽粒产量。增加植物密度或减少氮输入可以促进深层土壤吸收氮，并使 UPE 和 UTE 分别增加 13.4% 和 11.9%。同时，成熟期0~200 cm土层硝态氮含量以及100~200 cm土层硝态氮与-200 cm土层硝态氮的比值均显着降低。因此，适当减少氮素输入，增加冬小麦种植密度，可以有效地吸收深层土壤氮素，协同获得高产、UPE和UTE，并减少残留土壤硝酸盐的污染。
A two-year (2011-2012 and 2012-2013) field experiment was conducted on one winter wheat cultivar supplied with two levels, of nitrogen (180 and 240 kg N · hm(-2)) under three plant densities (135 x 10(4), 270 x 10(4), and 405 x 10(4) plants · hm(-2)) . The 15N-labeled urea was injected into 20, 60 and 100 cm soil depths, respectively, aiming to investigate the effect of nitrogen and plant density and their interaction on the N uptake, utilization and nitrate nitrogen contents at different soil depths. The results showed that increasing the plant density from 135 x 10(4) to 405 x 10(4) plants · hm(-2) significantly increased the 15N uptake at depths of 20, 60 and 100 cm averagely by 1.86, 2.28 and 2.51 kg · hm(-2), respectively, and increased the above ground N uptake (AGN) , N uptake efficiency (UPE) averagely by 12.6% and 12.6%, respectively, but decreased the N utilization efficiency (UTE) by 5.4%. Compared to the N input of 240 kg N · hm(-2) the 180 kg N · hm(-2) significantly reduced the 15N uptake at depths of 20 and 60 cm averagely by 4. 11 and 1.21 kg · hm(-2), respectively, and significantly increased the 15N uptake at depths of 100 cm averagely by 1.02 kg · hm(-2). Reducing the N input decreased the AGN averagely by 13.5%, but significantly increased the UPE and UTE by 9.4% and 12.2%, respectively. Equivalent grain yield was observed among N input of 180 kg N · hm(-2) with plant density of 405 x 10(4) plants · hm(-2) and N input of 240 kg N · hm(-2) with plant densities of 270 x 10(4) and 405 x 10(4) plants · hm(-2). Increasing the plant density or reducing the N input could encourage the N uptake at deep soil profile and increased UPE and UTE by 13.4% and 11.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, both the nitrate nitrogen contents in 0-200 cm soil layers at maturity and the ratio of the nitrate nitrogen in 100-200 cm soil layers to that in -200 cm were significantly decreased. Therefore, properly decreasing the N input with increasing the plant density of winter wheat was efficient in absorbing N at deep soil, synergistically obtaining high grain yield, UPE and UTE, and reducing the pollution of residual soil nitrate.