ROLE OF OUTCOME CONFLICT IN DUAL-TASK INTERFERENCE
ROLE OF OUTCOME CONFLICT IN DUAL-TASK INTERFERENCE
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.13.3.435
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发表时间：
1987-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
MILLER, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
NAVON, D;MILLER, J
双任务干扰的传统解释是，任务竞争稀缺的处理资源。另一种可能的解释是，一项任务所需的处理结果与另一项任务所需的处理结果相冲突（例如，串扰）。为了探讨结果冲突对任务干扰的贡献，我们操纵了任务的相关性。在实验1中，受试者同时在一个频道搜索男孩的名字，在另一个频道搜索城市的名字。反应显着延迟时，一个通道上的非目标属于，甚至只是相关的，指定为目标的其他通道的类别。当单独执行任务时，没有发现类似的效果。因此，单个任务的难度并不是决定它们在组合时会产生多大干扰的唯一决定因素，执行这两项任务的过程之间必须有实质性的相互作用。在实验2中，受试者搜索一个通道的特定目标字母和另一个通道的特定目标数字。通道中的非靶点要么来自与该通道靶点相同的字母数字类别，要么来自相反的类别（即，另一通道靶点的类别）。结果发现，虽然类间搜索比类内搜索在单任务中更有效，但在双任务中效率较低。因此，似乎有显着的任务交互，由于出现混淆时，一个任务的非目标属于同一类别的目标的并发任务。此外，发现两个通道上目标存在或不存在的一致性具有相当大的影响。我们提出了四个可能导致双任务干扰的结果冲突的潜在来源，我们推测大量的剩余干扰可能来自其他类型的结果冲突。
The traditional explanation for dual-task interference is that tasks compete for scarce processing resources. Another possible explanation is that the outcome of the processing required for one task conflicts with the processing required for the other task (eg, cross talk). To explore the contribution of outcome conflict to task interference, we manipulated the relatedness of the tasks. In Experiment 1, subjects searched concurrently for names of boys in one channel and names of cities in another channel. Responses were significantly delayed when a nontarget on one channel belonged to, or was even just related to, the category designated as the target for the other channel. No comparable effects were found when the tasks were performed in isolation. Thus, the difficulty of the individual tasks is not the only determinant of how much they will interfere when combined, and there must be substantial interactions between processes carrying out the two tasks. In Experiment 2 subjects searched one channel for specific target letters and another channel for specific target digits. The nontargets in a channel were either from the same alphanumeric category as the targets for that channel or from the opposite category (ie, the category of the targets for the other channel). It was found that although between-category search was more efficient than within-category search in single tasks, it was less efficient in dual tasks. Thus, there appear to be significant task interactions due to the confusability emerging when the nontargets of one task belong to the same category as the targets of the concurrent task. In addition, the congruence of target presence or absence on the two channels was found to have a sizeable effect. We suggest four potential sources of outcome conflict that may contribute to dual-task interference, and we conjecture that a great deal of the residual interference might result from other sorts of outcome conflict.