Estimating winter evaporation in boreal forests with operational snow course data
Estimating winter evaporation in boreal forests with operational snow course data
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DOI：
10.1002/hyp.1179
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发表时间：
2003-06
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
A. Lundberg;H. Koivusalo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Lundberg;H. Koivusalo
雪过程测量从11个地点位于芬兰东部和北方被用来估计总的拦截蒸发的冬季不同的森林类别。我们根据森林密度和树种对这些地点进行了分类。结果表明，总降水的截留损失随森林密度的增加而增加，最高密度等级的森林截留损失接近30%。最常见的森林密度等级的截留损失为11%。截留损失稍大云杉林比松树，落叶，或混交林。我们提供建议，如何设计雪调查，以更好地估计冬季拦截蒸发。应避免崎岖地形和森林与开阔地之间的过渡地带。由于蒸发率强烈依赖于树冠特征，雪过程数据应包括冠层关闭的直接估计。不同观察员所作的定性观察应有一个参照系，以确保不同地点的记录具有可比性。版权所有© 2003年约翰威利父子有限公司。
Snow course measurements from 11 sites located in eastern and northern Finland were used to estimate the total interception evaporation of a winter season for different forest categories. We categorized the sites based on forest density and tree species. Results showed that interception loss from gross precipitation increased with forest density and approached 30% for a forest with the highest density class. Interception loss for the most common forest density class was 11%. Interception losses were slightly larger in spruce forests than in pine, deciduous, or mixed forests. We provide suggestions as to how to design snow surveys to estimate wintertime interception evaporation better. Rough terrain and transition zones between forest and open areas should be avoided. Since evaporation fraction was strongly dependent on tree crown characteristics, snow course data should include direct estimates of canopy closure. Qualitative observations made by different observers should be given a reference frame to ensure comparability of records from different sites. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.