Real-time synthetic vision cockpit display for general aviation
Real-time synthetic vision cockpit display for general aviation
复制标题
通用航空实时合成视觉座舱显示
DOI：
10.1117/12.354434
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Rybacki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Hansen;W. G. Smith;R. Rybacki
基于PC硬件平台的低成本、高性能图形解决方案现在能够在飞行的所有阶段呈现飞行员窗外视图的合成视觉。当耦合到GPS导航有效载荷时，虚拟图像可以与物理世界完全相关。特别是，广域增强系统WAAS等差分GPS服务将为所有航空用户提供高精度的3D导航。此外，短基线GPS姿态系统正在成为一种可行和廉价的解决方案。实时呈现地理上特定的图像覆盖地形的玻璃驾驶舱显示器可以与高精度（7 m 95%定位，亚度指向）、高完整性（99.99999%位置误差界）差分GPS导航/姿态解决方案相结合，以在整个飞行的途中、终端区域和精确进近阶段向（自动）飞行员提供态势感知和3D引导。本文介绍的技术问题时，耦合GPS和玻璃座舱显示器，包括导航/显示接口，实时60 Hz渲染的地形与多层次的详细需求分页，和建设的验证地形数据库覆盖地理特定的卫星图像。此外，导航解决方案和驾驶舱显示器的机载记录提供了用于基于实时着陆的飞行后模拟的回放设施以及具有来自同一飞行的不同视图的同步多个显示通道。基于PC的解决方案将GPS导航和姿态确定与3D可视化集成在一起，为航空界，特别是通用航空提供了低成本高性能的制导和飞行所有阶段的态势感知。
Low cost, high performance graphics solutions based on PC hardware platforms are now capable of rendering synthetic vision of a pilot's out-the-window view during all phases of flight. When coupled to a GPS navigation payload the virtual image can be fully correlated to the physical world. In particular, differential GPS services such as the Wide Area Augmentation System WAAS will provide all aviation users with highly accurate 3D navigation. As well, short baseline GPS attitude systems are becoming a viable and inexpensive solution. A glass cockpit display rendering geographically specific imagery draped terrain in real-time can be coupled with high accuracy (7m 95% positioning, sub degree pointing), high integrity (99.99999% position error bound) differential GPS navigation/attitude solutions to provide both situational awareness and 3D guidance to (auto) pilots throughout en route, terminal area, and precision approach phases of flight. This paper describes the technical issues addressed when coupling GPS and glass cockpit displays including the navigation/display interface, real-time 60 Hz rendering of terrain with multiple levels of detail under demand paging, and construction of verified terrain databases draped with geographically specific satellite imagery. Further, on-board recordings of the navigation solution and the cockpit display provide a replay facility for post-flight simulation based on live landings as well as synchronized multiple display channels with different views from the same flight. PC-based solutions which integrate GPS navigation and attitude determination with 3D visualization provide the aviation community, and general aviation in particular, with low cost high performance guidance and situational awareness in all phases of flight.