Development of water footprint inventory database on Japanese goods and services distinguishing the types of water resources and the forms of water uses based on input-output analysis
Development of water footprint inventory database on Japanese goods and services distinguishing the types of water resources and the forms of water uses based on input-output analysis
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DOI：
10.1007/s11367-015-0928-1
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发表时间：
2015-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yuya Ono;Masaharu Motoshita;N. Itsubo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yuya Ono;Masaharu Motoshita;N. Itsubo
目的水足迹有望作为一种工具来确定关键和有效的点，以减少水在产品、服务和组织的整个生命周期中的影响。本研究的目的是开发一个水足迹清单数据库，该数据库可以计算日本所有商品和服务的水强度，并对水资源类型和用水形式进行区分。方法应用投入产出分析建立一个涵盖所有日本商品和服务的综合数据库。根据统计报告和听证调查结果(对其他部门)，通过建模估计了每个部门的用水量(农产品)，并根据投入水的使用情况确定了每个部门的用水量。通过将每个部门的水投入或消耗量除以每个部门的国内生产量，计算出每个部门的直接水投入或消费强度。在利用Leontief逆矩阵进行投入产出分析的基础上，估算了日本403个部门所有商品和服务从摇篮到大门的用水强度和消耗强度。结果与讨论结果和讨论显示，初级工业部门从摇篮到大门的水投入和消费强度大，对雨水作为输入水源的依赖性高。虽然第二产业的用水强度相对高于第三产业，但由于循环水的利用，第二产业的用水强度总体上比第三产业表现出更大的降幅。本研究的强度与以往研究结果的比较结果表明，由于生产中考虑了特定地点的条件，以及计算作物生产中消耗量的时间分辨率不同，本研究的强度有所不同。结论通过考虑特定地点的条件，强度被开发为适合日本产品、服务和组织的水足迹的数据集。虽然预计该数据库将用于实施水足迹，但需要在今后的研究中反映进口货物和服务通过国际贸易产生的影响，以提高水足迹结果的准确性和可靠性。
PurposeWater footprint is expected as a tool to identify critical and effective points for reducing the impact of water use through the entire life cycle of products, services, and organizations. The purpose of this study is to develop a water footprint inventory database that makes it possible to account the water intensities of all the Japanese goods and services with a differentiation for the types of water resources and the forms of water uses.MethodsAn input-output analysis was applied to establish a comprehensive database covering all of the Japanese goods and services. The amount of water consumption in each sector was estimated by modeling (for agricultural goods) and determined based on the uses of input water according to the statistic reports and hearing survey results (for other sectors). The intensities of direct water input or consumption in each sector were calculated by dividing the amount of water input or consumption with the domestic production amount for each sector. Based on the input-output analysis by using Leontief’s inverse matrix, the intensities of water use and consumption from cradle to gate were estimated for all goods and services in 403 sectors of Japan.Results and discussionThe intensities of water input and consumption in the primary sectors of industry from cradle to gate showed large values and high dependency on rain water as the sources of input water. While the water input intensities in secondary sector of industry were relatively higher than those in tertiary sector of industry, the water consumption intensities generally showed larger reduction in secondary sectors in comparison with those in tertiary sectors due to the utilization of recycling water. The results of comparing the intensities in this study with previous studies showed some differences due to the consideration of site-specific conditions in production and the temporal resolution for the calculation of consumed amount in crop production.ConclusionsBy considering the site-specific conditions, the intensities were developed as the datasets suitable for water footprint of products, services, and organizations in Japan. While this database would be expected to be applied to the implementation of water footprint, the reflection of the effects by imported goods and services through international trade needs to be conducted in the future study for improving the preciseness and reliability of the results of water footprint.