The chicken--a laboratory animal of the class Aves.
The chicken--a laboratory animal of the class Aves.
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鸡——鸟纲实验动物。
作者：
J. Plachy
鸡的布拉格近交系代表了MHC（B）同源配偶体的独特系统，其不同之处在于对v-src诱导的肿瘤发生的基于免疫的抗性/易感性。由于在疾病易感性和MHC（B）单倍型方面存在许多已充分描述的差异，因此可通过近交系的可用性来促进鸡的作图。对人类、小鼠和大鼠MHC的长期深入研究已经建立了这种多基因复合体的典型图像。鸡MHC（B）显然是哺乳动物以外最好的表征，并且它是第一个与上述哺乳动物物种的范式结构明显不同的MHC。鸡在许多方面都是小鼠的穷亲戚，它们不得不等待分子生物学方法的引入。但是，当它发生时，新获得的数据可以很容易地与使用现有同类鸡系的经典遗传研究相一致。本研究利用LTR、v-src、LTR原病毒诱导的近交系鸡体外肿瘤建立了永久性肿瘤细胞系。这些细胞表达高水平的v-src癌基因，并且具有确定的MHC（B）基因型。我们见证了鸡（禽）基因组学发展的急剧加速。鸡不仅是基础科学的一个很好的比较模型，而且它也是家禽业的一个对象，家禽业受到几种鸟类疾病的威胁。因此，在鸡中进行基因组作图的原因不仅仅是学术上的。
Prague inbred lines of chickens represent a unique system of MHC(B) congenic partners differing in the immune-based resistance/susceptibility to v-src-induced oncogenesis. Mapping in chickens can be facilitated by the availability of inbred lines, since many well described differences in disease susceptibility and MHC(B) haplotypes exist among the defined lines. Long-term intensive research on human, mouse, and rat MHC has established a canonical picture of this multigene complex. The chicken MHC(B) is clearly the best characterized outside the mammals and it was the first MHC clearly different from the paradigmatic structure of the above mentioned mammalian species. Chickens were in many aspects the poor relatives of mice, and they had to wait for introduction of molecular biology methods. But, when it happened, the newly gained data could be easily reconciled with classical genetic studies using available congenic chicken lines. We have established permanent tumor cell lines from ex vivo tumors induced by the LTR, v-src, LTR provirus in inbred chickens. These cells express a high level of the v-src oncogene and are of defined MHC(B) genotype. We witness a dramatic acceleration of the development of chicken (avian) genomics. The chicken is not only a good comparative model for basic science, but it is also an object of the poultry industry, which is threatened by several avian diseases. The reason for genome mapping in chickens is thus more than academic.