Isolation and Characterization of Membrane Glycosphingolipids
Isolation and Characterization of Membrane Glycosphingolipids
复制标题
膜糖鞘脂的分离和表征
DOI：
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发表时间：
1974
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Hakomori
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Laine;K. Stellner;S. Hakomori
鞘脂糖是n -脂肪酰基鞘磷脂的糖苷，它的俗名是神经酰胺。各种各样的脂肪酸、鞘脂和碳水化合物产生了大量的鞘脂糖。鞘烷是一类相关的长链脂肪族2-氨基-1,3-二醇，其中d-赤thro- 1,3-二羟基-2-氨基-4,5-反式十八烯（鞘烷或鞘烷-4-引擎）在动物鞘脂中最常见。发现了4-羟基饱和化合物（植鞘氨酸或4-羟基鞘氨酸）和许多其他同源物，在饱和度，分支和脂肪链长度上不同。鞘糖脂的分类是基于它们的碳水化合物而不是神经酰胺部分，因为糖的结构在决定它们的化学和物理性质方面起主导作用。鞘糖脂的碳水化合物残基也是免疫特异性的决定性因素，可能参与细胞间识别。然而，最简单的糖脂，脑苷，已被细分为脑苷，角蛋白，神经素，或氧神经素，根据存在于神经酰胺的脂肪酸种类，因为脑苷的溶解度是由存在的脂肪酸种类决定的。然而，随着碳水化合物结构的复杂性增加，其溶解度和其他性质更多地取决于碳水化合物残基及其键的数量。
Glycosphingolipids are the glycosides of N-fatty acylsphingosine, whose trivial name is ceramide. The variety of fatty acids, sphingosines, and carbohydrates results in a great number of glycosphingolipids. Sphingosines are a group of related long-chain aliphatic 2-amino-1,3-diols of which d-erythro- 1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino-4,5-trans-octadecene (sphingosine or sphing-4-enine) occurs most frequently in animal glycosphingohpids. The 4-hydroxylated, saturated compound (phytosphingosine or 4-hydroxysphinganine) and numerous other homologs are found, differing in saturation, branching, and length of the aliphatic chain. Classification of glycosphingolipids has been based on their carbohydrate rather than ceramide moieties, since the structure of the saccharide is dominant in determining their chemical and physical properties. The carbohydrate residue of glycosphingolipids is also a definitive determinant in immunological specificity and may be involved in intercellular recognition. However, the simplest glycolipid, cerebroside, has been subclassified as cerebron, kerasin, nervon, or oxynervon according to the kind of fatty acid present in the ceramide, because the solubility of cerebroside is determined by the kind of fatty acid present. With increasing complexity of carbohydrate structure, however, solubility and other properties are more dependent on the number of carbohydrate residues and their linkages.