Flow-cytometric total bacterial cell counts as a descriptive microbiological parameter for drinking water treatment processes
Flow-cytometric total bacterial cell counts as a descriptive microbiological parameter for drinking water treatment processes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.009
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Egli, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hammes, Frederik;Berney, Michael;Egli, Thomas
饮用水中的微生物细胞明显多于在合成培养基上培养的微生物细胞。尽管如此，基于培养的异养平板计数（HPCs）在世界范围内被用作饮用水处理和分配的一般微生物质量参数。在饮用水处理过程中，通常不考虑总细菌细胞浓度作为设计、操作或立法参数。这主要是因为到目前为止，还没有简便、快速的方法来定量细菌细胞的总浓度。因此，由于现有数据的缺乏，无法证明该参数的实际价值。在这项研究中，我们使用SYBR(R) Green I核酸染色对微生物细胞进行荧光染色，并结合定量流式细胞术（FCM）分析了饮用水中试厂水样中的总细胞浓度。该工厂通过顺序臭氧化，颗粒活性炭（GAC）过滤和膜超滤（UF）处理地表水（Lake Zilrich）。将这些数据与三磷酸腺苷（ATP）测量值和对相同水样进行的常规HPCs进行比较。我们证明了所有三个主要处理步骤对系统中微生物学的影响可以用总细胞计数准确地描述：(1)臭氧化导致细菌细胞的化学破坏；(2) GAC过滤能显著促进微生物群落的再生；(3)超滤膜物理去除水中的细菌细胞。FCM通常比HPC多检测到1-2 log单位，而ATP的测量容易受到处理过程中臭氧化过程中释放的细胞外ATP的干扰。我们已经证明，用流式细胞仪测量细胞总浓度是一种快速、简便、敏感和重要的描述性参数，可用于几种广泛应用的饮用水处理工艺。(C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
There are significantly more microbial cells in drinking water than what can be cultured on synthetic growth media. Nonetheless, cultivation-based heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) are used worldwide as a general microbial quality parameter in drinking water treatment and distribution. Total bacterial cell concentrations are normally not considered during drinking water treatment as a design, operative or legislative parameters. This is mainly because easy and rapid methods for quantification of total bacterial cell concentrations have, up to now, not been available. As a consequence, the existing lack of data does not allow demonstrating the practical value of this parameter. In this study, we have used fluorescence staining of microbial cells with the nucleic acid stain SYBR(R) Green I together with quantitative flow cytometry (FCM) to analyse total cell concentrations in water samples from a drinking water pilot plant. The plant treats surface water (Lake Zilrich) through sequential ozonation, granular active carbon (GAC) filtration and membrane ultrafiltration (UF). The data were compared with adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) measurements and conventional HPCs performed on the same water samples. We demonstrated that the impact of all three major treatment steps on the microbiology in the system could accurately be described with total cell counting: (1) ozonation caused chemical destruction of the bacterial cells; (2) GAC filtration facilitated significant regrowth of the microbial community; and (3) membrane UF physically removed the bacterial cells from the water. FCM typically detected 1-2 log units more than HPC, while ATP measurements were prone to interference from extracellular ATP released during the ozonation step in the treatment train. We have shown that total cell concentration measured with FCM is a rapid, easy, sensitive and importantly, a descriptive parameter of several widely applied drinking water treatment processes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.