Detection of microcystins, a blue-green algal hepatotoxin, in drinking water sampled in Haimen and Fusui, endemic areas of primary liver cancer in China, by highly sensitive immunoassay
Detection of microcystins, a blue-green algal hepatotoxin, in drinking water sampled in Haimen and Fusui, endemic areas of primary liver cancer in China, by highly sensitive immunoassay
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DOI：
10.1093/carcin/17.6.1317
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发表时间：
1996-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Yu, SZ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ueno, Y;Nagata, S;Yu, SZ
我国江苏省海门市和广西扶绥县原发性肝癌(PLC)高发原因的流行病学调查发现，原发性肝癌的发病与饮用池塘、沟渠水有密切关系。为了明确水华藻类产生的肝毒性肽微囊藻毒素（MC）是否污染我国PLC流行区的饮用水，采用检测限为50 pg/ml的高灵敏酶联免疫吸附测定法对MC进行监测。 1993年至1994年进行了三项饮用水调查试验。样品采集自海门市池塘、沟渠、河流、浅井、深井等不同来源，共计1135个。 1993 年 9 月的第一次调查发现，14 个沟渠水样本中有 3 个呈 MC 阳性，范围为 90-460 pg/ml。一些沟渠中存在多种有毒藻类，例如阿加氏颤藻。在第二次试验中，1994年全年每月从5个池塘/沟渠、2条河流、2个浅井和2个深井采集样品。这些数据表明，MC在6月至9月最高，范围为62-296 pg/ml。 1994年7月对不同类型水源采集的989个不同水样进行的第三次试验显示，17%的池塘/沟渠水、32%的河水和4%的浅井水呈MC阳性，平均值分别为101、160和68 pg/ml。深井水中未检测到MC。对广西扶绥市26个饮用水样的类似调查显示，池塘/沟渠和河流水中MC污染频率较高，但浅井和深井中未发现MC。这些数据支持这样的假设：池塘/沟渠和河流或两者的饮用水中的蓝绿藻毒素MC是中国PLC高发的危险因素之一。根据前期PLC流行病学研究结果和目前饮用水中MC的大规模筛查结果，建议饮用水中MC的建议水平低于0.01μg/L。强效肝癌物质 AFB(1) 与夏季饮用水中间歇性摄入 MC 的联合作用被作为 PLC 的病因进行了讨论。
An epidemiological survey for the causes of a high incidence of primary liver cancer (PLC) in Haimen city, Jian-Su province and Fusui county, Guangxi province in China, found a close correlation between the incidence of PLC and the drinking of pond and ditch water. With an aim to clarify whether microcystins (MC), a hepatotoxic peptide produced by water bloom algae, contaminate the drinking water in the endemic areas of PLC in China, a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a detection limit of 50 pg/ml, was introduced to monitor the MC. Three trials to survey the drinking water were carried out in 1993-1994. Samples, 1135 in total, were collected from different sources such as: ponds, ditches, rivers, shallow wells and deep wells in Haimen city. The first survey in September 1993 found that three out of 14 ditch water specimens were positive for MC, with a range of 90-460 pg/ml. Several toxic algae such as Oscillatoria agardhii were present in some of the ditches. In the second trial, samples were collected from five ponds/ditches, two rivers, two shallow wells and two deep wells monthly for the whole year of 1994. These data showed that MC was highest in June to September, with a range of 62-296 pg/ml. A third trial on the 989 different water samples collected from the different types of water sources in July 1994 revealed that 17% of the pond/ditch water, 32% of the river water, and 4% of the shallow-well water were positive for MC, with averages of 101, 160 and 68 pg/ml respectively. No MC was detected in deep well water. A similar survey on 26 drinking water samples in Fusui, Guangxi province, demonstrated a high contamination frequency of MC in the water of ponds/ditches and rivers but no MC in shallow and deep wells. These data support a hypothesis that the blue-green algal toxin MC in the drinking water of ponds/ditches and rivers, or both, is one of the risk factors for the high incidence of PLC in China. Based on previous findings on the epidemiology of PLC and the present results from the mass screening of MC in the drinking water, an advisory level of MC in drinking water was proposed to below 0.01 mu g/l. The combined effect of a potent hepatocarcinogen AFB(1) and an intermittent intake of MC in drinking water in the summer season was discussed as an etiology of PLC.