Changes in body composition during breeding: Reproductive strategies of three species of seabirds under poor environmental conditions
Changes in body composition during breeding: Reproductive strategies of three species of seabirds under poor environmental conditions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.09.011
复制
发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Gaston, Anthony J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacobs, Shoshanah R.;Edwards, Darryl B.;Gaston, Anthony J.
海鸟在生活史、特征和繁殖策略上有很大的不同。例如，海鸥孵化班次短(几个小时)，代谢率高；海雀孵化班次中等(1224小时)，代谢率高；海燕孵化班次长(天)，代谢率低。这些不同的策略是如何影响身体组成部分的动态的，人们知之甚少。我们比较了2002年在加拿大努纳武特的利奥波德岛的三种不同海鸟(海鸥：黑腿海燕Rissa tridactyla；海鸥：厚嘴海燕Uria lomvia；海燕：北部的Fulmar Fulmarus glicialis)的身体、器官和脂肪质量的变化。这项研究是第一次比较不同物种在相同的食物网中觅食，在相同的繁殖季节(相同的环境条件)在相似的营养水平下觅食的质量和脂肪动态。在猫和猫中，大部分体重的减少反映了脂肪质量的减少，而在猫尾猫中，身体质量的增加反映了瘦质量的增加，特别是肌肉。禁食耐力(孵化转换长度)最长的物种在孵化过程中的体脂百分比最高(福尔马斯：13.3%，MURRES：7.3%，小猫：6.9%)，体脂变异性最大，倾向于主要通过脂类储备来调节体重，并倾向于分别调节运动和消化器官。相反，在代谢率最高的物种中，所有器官系统都进行了类似的调整，并与身体质量有关，在孵化(因重冰条件造成的压力)和养鸡(由于无冰条件下的压力较低)之间以类似的方式进行调整。在高代谢率物种中，我们认为器官大小随着环境压力的反应而变化。我们得出结论，海鸟的器官动力学是由关键的生活史特征(如孵化转变和代谢率)和环境条件共同决定的。(C)2010 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Seabirds differ dramatically in life history traits and breeding strategies. For example, gulls have short incubation shifts (several hours) and high metabolic rates, auks have medium-length incubation shifts (1224 h) and high metabolic rates, and petrels have long incubation shifts (days) and low metabolic rates. How these different strategies affect the dynamics of body components is poorly known. We compared body, organ and lipid mass changes among three different seabirds (gull: black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla; auk: thick-billed murre Uria lomvia; petrel: northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis) at Prince Leopold Island, Nunavut, Canada during 2002 (a year with low reproductive success and poor chick growth across all three species). This study is among the first to compare mass and lipid dynamics among different species foraging in the same food web and at similar trophic levels during the same breeding season (same environmental conditions). In fulmars and murres, most of decreases in body mass reflected decreases in lipid mass while in kittiwakes the increase in body mass reflected an increase in lean mass, especially the muscle. The species with the longest fasting endurance (incubation shift length) had the highest percent body lipids during incubation (fulmars: 13.3%, murres: 7.3%, kittiwakes: 6.9%), the highest variability in body lipids, tended to regulate body mass primarily through lipid stores and tended to regulate exercise and digestive organs separately. In contrast, in the species with the highest metabolic rate, all organ systems were adjusted similarly and in relation to body mass, and in a similar manner between incubation (stress due to heavy ice conditions) and chick-rearing (lower stress due to ice-free conditions). In high metabolic rate species, we suggest that organ size varies in response to environmental stress. We conclude that the organ dynamics of seabirds are set by a combination of key life history traits (like incubation shift and metabolic rate) and environmental conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.