Socioeconomic legacy yields an invasion debt
Socioeconomic legacy yields an invasion debt
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1011728108
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发表时间：
2011-01-04
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Pysek, Petr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Essl, Franz;Dullinger, Stefan;Pysek, Petr
全球化和经济增长被广泛认为是生物入侵的重要驱动力。因此，各国政府越来越需要解决国际贸易在其防止物种引进的战略中的作用。然而，许多最有问题的外来物种并不是最近到达的，而是几十年前引入的。因此，目前的外来物种丰富度模式可能更好地反映了历史而不是当代的人类活动，这种现象可以称为"入侵债务"。"在这里，我们表明，在10个分类群体中，根据28个欧洲国家（维管植物，苔藓植物，真菌，鸟类，哺乳动物，爬行动物，两栖动物，鱼类，陆生昆虫和水生无脊椎动物）的数据，目前在野外建立的外来物种数量确实与1900年的社会经济活动指标比2000年更密切相关，尽管大多数物种的引进发生在世纪后半叶。历史信号的强度因分类群体而异，那些具有良好传播能力的群体（鸟类、昆虫）与最近的社会经济驱动因素联系更紧密。然而，我们的研究结果表明，一个相当大的历史遗产的大多数类群分析。因此，目前高水平的社会经济活动对生物入侵程度的影响可能要到未来几十年才能完全实现。
Globalization and economic growth are widely recognized as important drivers of biological invasions. Consequently, there is an increasing need for governments to address the role of international trade in their strategies to prevent species introductions. However, many of the most problematic alien species are not recent arrivals but were introduced several decades ago. Hence, current patterns of alien-species richness may better reflect historical rather than contemporary human activities, a phenomenon which might be called "invasion debt." Here, we show that across 10 taxonomic groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish, terrestrial insects, and aquatic invertebrates) in 28 European countries, current numbers of alien species established in the wild are indeed more closely related to indicators of socioeconomic activity from the year 1900 than to those from 2000, although the majority of species introductions occurred during the second half of the 20th century. The strength of the historical signal varies among taxonomic groups, with those possessing good capabilities for dispersal (birds, insects) more strongly associated with recent socioeconomic drivers. Nevertheless, our results suggest a considerable historical legacy for the majority of the taxa analyzed. The consequences of the current high levels of socioeconomic activity on the extent of biological invasions will thus probably not be completely realized until several decades into the future.