Some Problems of Geodynamics; Being an Essay to Which the Adams Prize in the University of Cambridge Was Adjudged in 1911
Some Problems of Geodynamics; Being an Essay to Which the Adams Prize in the University of Cambridge Was Adjudged in 1911
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地球动力学的一些问题；
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发表时间：
2011
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Love
中科院分区：
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作者：
A. Love
前三章讨论的问题是确定大陆和山脉的重量在地球内部产生的应力。第一章简要讨论了地球仪表面陆地和水的分布情况。本文的目的是粗略地估计那些在岩石圈形状中最为突出的球谐不等式的振幅。岩石圈在这里是指有陆地的地方的陆地表面，有海洋的地方的海底表面。这个表面与球形最重要的偏差是由子午线的椭圆率所指定的不等式;但是这个不等式对陆地和水的分布没有影响，因为岩石圈和海洋表面都有椭圆子午线，并且它们的椭圆率差异很小。除了子午线的椭圆性之外，最突出的不平等表现在存在着一个单一的大陆块，它包括所有的大陆，并围绕着两个大的凹陷区域，即太平洋盆地和大西洋与印度洋盆地，位于这两个海洋以南的南大洋部分分别被视为它们的一部分。山脉和深海所表现出的不平等，对于整个地球的形象来说，几乎没有那么重要。在第一章中，我们解释了岩石圈的形状，如果在平均水平之上或之下的每一点的高程或高程都是精确已知的，那么岩石圈的形状是如何通过将连接重心和指定经纬度的一点的半径矢量等同于球面调和函数的总和来表示的，球面调和函数是经纬度的确定函数，每个函数都有一个适当的系数。此外，它表明，作者以前的工作的基础上，表现在大陆块和海洋盆地的不平等，可以表示大致限制的总和问题的谐波的第一，第二和第三度。看来，响应于第一和第三谐波的隆起和凹陷几乎相等，第三谐波稍大，并且大于响应于第二谐波的隆起和凹陷;并且
The first three Chapters deal with the problem of determining the Stress produced in the Interior of the Earth by the Weight of Continents and Mountains. Chapter I contains a brief discussion of the distribution of land and water on the surface of the globe. This discussion is designed to evaluate roughly the amplitudes of those spherical harmonic inequalities which are most prominent in the shape of the lithosphere. By the lithosphere is here meant the surface of the land in places where there is land, and the surface at the bottom of the sea in places where there is sea. The most important deviation of this surface from a spherical form is the inequality specified by the ellipticity of the meridians; but this inequality is without influence upon the distribution of land and water, for the lithosphere and the surface of the sea both have elliptic meridians, and the difference of their ellipticities is trifling. After the ellipticity of the meridians the most prominent inequalities are those which are manifested in the existence of a single continental block, embracing all the continents, and surrounding two great areas of depression, the basin of the Pacific Ocean and the basin of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, the portions of the Southern Ocean which lie to the south of these oceans respectively being counted as parts of them. The inequalities manifested in mountain ranges and deeps have not nearly so much importance in regard to the figure of the Earth as a whole. In Chapter I it is explained how the shape of the lithosphere could, if the elevation or depression of every point above or below a mean level were known accurately, be expressed by equating the radius vector, which joins the centre of gravity and a point of assigned latitude and longitude, to a sum of spherical surface harmonics, which are definite functions of the latitude and longitude, each provided with a suitable coefficient. Further it is shown, on the basis of previous work by the writer, that the inequalities manifested in the continental block and ocean basins may be represented roughly by restricting the sum in question to harmonics of the first, second, and third degrees. It appears that the elevations and depressions answering to the first and third harmonics are nearly equal, the third slightly the greater, and greater than those answering to the second harmonic ; and that