War on terror
War on terror
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DOI：
10.1080/0952882042000229827
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发表时间：
2004-07
期刊：
影响因子：
0.2
通讯作者：
Henry A. Giroux
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Henry A. Giroux
美国的军事化进程由来已久，不是一成不变的，而是在不同的历史条件下不断变化的。Catherine Lutz将其定义为“加强分配给军事目的的劳动力和资源，包括与军事目标同步地塑造其他机构。”军事化同时也是一个杂乱无章的过程，涉及以必要的方式改变一般社会信仰和价值观，使使用武力、组织庞大的常备军及其领导人以及为之支付更高的税收或贡品的行为合法化。军事化不仅与军队规模的明显增加和好战的民族主义和好战的原教旨主义的复兴密切相关，而且与人类潜能在种族、阶级、性别和性的等级制度中不那么明显的变形，以及与以美化和合法军事行动的方式塑造国家历史密切相关。1不同于旧的军事化模式，在旧的军事化模式中，文官权力从属于军事权力，而新的军事化思潮被组织起来吞噬整个社会秩序，使其作为美国公共生活的核心而不是外围方面的价值合法化。此外，正如豪尔赫·马里斯卡尔指出的那样，军国主义的价值观不再停留在一个单一的群体中，也不再局限于社会的一个特定领域：
The process of militarisation has a long history in the United States and is varied rather than static, changing under different historical conditions. Catherine Lutz defines it as ‘an intensification of the labor and resources allocated to military purposes, including the shaping of other institutions in synchrony with military goals. Militarization is simultaneously a discursive process, involving a shift in general societal beliefs and values in ways necessary to legitimate the use of force, the organization of large standing armies and their leaders, and the higher taxes or tribute used to pay for them. Militarization is intimately connected not only to the obvious increase in the size of armies and resurgence of militant nationalisms and militant fundamentalisms but also to the less visible deformation of human potentials into the hierarchies of race, class, gender, and sexuality, and to the shaping of national histories in ways that glorify and legitimate military action.’1 Unlike the old style of militarisation in which civil authority is made subordinate to military authority, the new ethos of militarisation is organised to engulf the entire social order, legitimising its values as a central rather than peripheral aspect of American public life. Moreover, the values of militarism no longer reside in a single group, nor are they limited to a particular sphere of society, as Jorge Mariscal points out: