The SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Pipeline: an Overview
The SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Pipeline: an Overview
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DOI：
10.1007/s40475-020-00201-6
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Bottazzi, Maria Elena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Wen-Hsiang;Strych, Ulrich;Bottazzi, Maria Elena
综述目的
本综述的目的是及时概述针对2019新型冠状病毒（SARS - CoV - 2，新冠病毒疾病（COVID - 19）的病原体）研发疫苗的相关工作。
近期发现
2003年疫情之后的数年中，研发严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS - CoV）疫苗的前期研究工作为研究人员设计针对中国新冠疫情的疫苗概念和方法打开了大门。SARS - CoV和SARS - CoV - 2在基因上高度相似，并且都与相同的宿主细胞血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）受体结合。基于以往SARS - CoV疫苗的经验，预计所有COVID - 19疫苗都需要对免疫增强作用进行谨慎的安全性评估，因为免疫增强可能导致感染性增加或嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。除此之外，COVID - 19疫苗的目标产品概况必须考虑对高危人群进行疫苗接种，包括一线医护人员、60岁以上的个体以及患有潜在慢性疾病和身体虚弱的人群。正在评估的疫苗技术包括全病毒疫苗、重组蛋白亚单位疫苗和核酸疫苗。当前每种疫苗策略都有其独特的优势和劣势。因此，至关重要的是快速推进多种策略，然后对其安全性和有效性进行评估。最终，在时间方面，将免疫增强的不良影响降至最低的安全性研究将成为最主要的瓶颈。
Purpose of Review The goal of this review is to provide a timely overview on efforts to develop a vaccine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Recent Findings Previous research efforts to develop a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) vaccine in the years following the 2003 pandemic have opened the door for investigators to design vaccine concepts and approaches for the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a high degree of genetic similarity and bind to the same host cell ACE2 receptor. Based on previous experience with SARS-CoV vaccines, it is expected that all COVID-19 vaccines will require careful safety evaluations for immunopotentiation that could lead to increased infectivity or eosinophilic infiltration. Besides this, a COVID-19 vaccine target product profile must address vaccinating at-risk human populations including frontline healthcare workers, individuals over the age of 60, and those with underlying and debilitating chronic conditions. Among the vaccine technologies under evaluation are whole virus vaccines, recombinant protein subunit vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. Each current vaccine strategy has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is paramount that multiple strategies be advanced quickly and then evaluated for safety and efficacy. Ultimately, the safety studies to minimize undesired immunopotentiation will become the most significant bottleneck in terms of time.