SL1 RNA gene recovery from Enterobius vermicularis ancient DNA in pre-Columbian human coprolites
SL1 RNA gene recovery from Enterobius vermicularis ancient DNA in pre-Columbian human coprolites
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.07.005
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Vicente, Ana Carolina Paulo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Iniguez, Alena Mayo;Reinhard, Karl;Vicente, Ana Carolina Paulo
蛲虫（Enterobius vermicularis）是世界上最常见的蠕虫之一，感染了各个社会经济阶层的近10亿人。在史前人群中，古寄生虫学研究结果表明，蛲虫在北美狩猎采集者中呈均匀分布，随着农业的出现而加剧。在南美洲，从游牧狩猎采集者到定居农民的转变过程中也出现了同样的增长，尽管蠕虫感染只包括古代安第斯人，在南美低地的前哥伦比亚人口中没有记录。然而，从粪化石中恢复的虫卵的显微发现支持了蛲虫古流行病学的轮廓。由于分子技术在检测病原体古DNA （aDNA）方面具有精度高、灵敏度高的特点，并且可以为寄生虫的进化史提供新的见解，因此本研究对蛭形绦虫进行了分子古寄生虫学研究。从四个不同的北美和南美考古遗址的前哥伦布时期（公元前4110年-公元900年）的粪化石中恢复了aDNA，并确定了蛲虫5S rRNA间隔序列。序列分析证实了蛭形棘球蚴的同源性，揭示了其古、现代序列的相似性。此外，在智利San Pedro de Atacama（公元前1080-950年）的Tulan独立粪化石样本中，在相对位置160、173和180处发现了多态性。我们还验证了SLI RNA基因特有的特征（剪接先导RNA序列、剪接供体位点、Sm抗原结合位点和RNA二级结构）的存在。分析表明，当代蛲虫的SLI RNA基因早在6110年前就存在于前哥伦布时期的蚯蚓中。我们成功地在没有虫卵直接显微镜证据的粪化石中检测出了蠕虫的aDNA，提高了过去蠕虫感染的诊断和进一步的蛲虫古流行病学研究。(c) 2006年澳大利亚寄生虫学学会Elsevier Ltd.出版。版权所有。
Enterobius vermicularis, pinworm, is one of the most common helminths worldwide, infecting nearly a billion people at all socio-economic levels. In prehistoric populations the paleoparasitological findings show a pinworm homogeneous distribution among huntergatherers in North America, intensified with the advent of agriculture. This same increase also occurred in the transition from nomad hunter gatherers to sedentary farmers in South America, although E vermicularis infection encompasses only the ancient Andean peoples, with no record among the pre-Colombian populations in the South American lowlands. However, the outline of pinworm paleoepidemiology has been supported by microscopic finding of eggs recovered from coprolites. Since molecular techniques are precise and sensitive in detecting pathogen ancient DNA (aDNA), and also could provide insights into the parasite evolutionary history, in this work we have performed a molecular paleoparasitological study of E. vermicularis. aDNA was recovered and pinworm 5S rRNA spacer sequences were determined from pre-Columbian coprolites (4110 BC-AD 900) from four different North and South American archaeological sites. The sequence analysis confirmed E. vermicularis identity and revealed a similarity among ancient and modern sequences. Moreover, polymorphisms were identified at the relative positions 160, 173 and 180, in independent coprolite samples from Tulan, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile (1080-950 BC). We also verified the presence of peculiarities (Splicing leader (SLI) RNA sequence, spliced donor site, the Sm antigen biding site, and RNA secondary structure) which characterise the SLI RNA gene. The analysis shows that the SLI RNA gene of contemporary pinworms was present in pre-Columbian E vermicularis by 6110 years ago. We were successful in detecting E. vermicularis aDNA even in coprolites without direct microscopic evidence of the eggs, improving the diagnosis of helminth infections in the past and further pinworm paleoepidemiological studies. (c) 2006 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.