Shrub encroachment creates a dynamic landscape of fear for desert lagomorphs via multiple pathways
Shrub encroachment creates a dynamic landscape of fear for desert lagomorphs via multiple pathways
复制标题
灌木侵占通过多种途径为沙漠兔形动物创造了动态的恐惧景观
DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.3240
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Cosentino, Bradley J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wagnon, Casey J.;Schooley, Robert L.;Cosentino, Bradley J.
灌木入侵正在改变世界范围内干旱和半干旱的草原。这种转变应该会影响捕食者-猎物之间的相互作用，因为植被覆盖往往会影响猎物对风险的感知，并导致它们感到恐惧。我们研究了在新墨西哥州南部奇瓦瓦沙漠的Jornada盆地长期生态研究地点，两种沙漠泻形动物(黑尾长尾兔，Lepus calforNicus；沙漠棉尾，Sylvilagus audubonii)的恐惧景观是如何在草原到灌木丛的坡度上发生变化的。我们测试了这两个泻湖的灌木入侵形状是否因为身体大小和捕食者逃生策略的不同而存在不同的风险。我们还检查了草原生态工程师(旗尾袋鼠，Dipodomys spectabilis)是否通过创建逃生避难所来调节风险感知，以及灌木入侵和灌木扩张导致的旗尾袋鼠局部减少之间是否存在权衡。我们用飞行起始距离(FID)来衡量感知捕食风险，然后使用结构方程模型来梳理灌木入侵如何影响感知风险的假设的直接和间接路径。对于长颈兔和棉尾兔来说，灌木覆盖对FID的负面影响是完全支持的，这表明这两个物种都认为灌木栖息地更安全。精细隐藏的增加也降低了棉尾兔的风险，但长颈兔却没有，这可能是因为棉尾巴依靠密码来躲避捕食者的发现，而长尾兔依靠速度和敏捷性来逃脱捕食者。当个体靠近袋鼠丘只寻找棉尾巴时，感知到的风险会降低，因为较小的物种可以利用旗尾袋鼠丘作为避难所。灌木丛的侵占大大减少了土丘的可用性。因此，棉尾草存在一种权衡，在这种情况下，灌木的入侵直接降低了感知风险，但通过生态系统工程师的局部根除间接增加了感知风险。我们的工作说明了灌木入侵的扩大如何为被捕食物种的种群创造了一种动态的恐惧景观，包括取决于猎物身体大小、逃生策略和生态系统工程师活动的直接和间接路径。
Shrub encroachment is transforming arid and semiarid grasslands worldwide. Such transitions should influence predator–prey interactions because vegetation cover often affects risk perception by prey and contributes to their landscape of fear. We examined how the landscape of fear of two desert lagomorphs (black‐tailed jackrabbit,Lepus californicus; desert cottontail,Sylvilagus audubonii) changes across grassland‐to‐shrubland gradients at Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research site in the Chihuahuan Desert of southern New Mexico. We test whether shrub encroachment shapes risk differently for these two lagomorphs because of differences in body size and predator escape tactics. We also examine whether an ecosystem engineer of grasslands (banner‐tailed kangaroo rat,Dipodomys spectabilis) mediates risk perception through the creation of escape refuge and whether trade‐offs exist between shrub encroachment and the local reduction of banner‐tailed kangaroo rats caused by shrub expansion. We measured perceived predation risk with flight initiation distances (FIDs) and then used structural equation modeling to tease apart the hypothesized direct and indirect pathways for how shrub encroachment could affect perceived risk. A total negative effect of shrub cover on FID was supported for jackrabbits and cottontails, suggesting both species perceive shrubbier habitat as safer. Increases in fine‐scale concealment also reduced risk for cottontails, but not jackrabbits, likely because cottontails rely on crypsis to avoid predator detection whereas jackrabbits rely on speed and agility to outrun predators. Perceived risk was reduced when individuals were near kangaroo rat mounds only for cottontails because the smaller species can use banner‐tailed kangaroo rat mounds as refuge. Shrub encroachment greatly reduced the availability of mounds. Thus, a trade‐off exists for cottontails in which shrub encroachment directly reduced perceived risk, but indirectly increased perceived risk through the local extirpation of an ecosystem engineer. Our work illustrates how the expansion of shrub encroachment can create a dynamic landscape of fear for populations of prey species involving direct and indirect pathways contingent on prey body size, escape tactics, and activities of an ecosystem engineer.
登录
查看更多内容
东部棉尾兔 (Sylvilagus floridanus) 在城市景观中的觅食和栖息地利用
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Mohammad A Abu Baker;Sara E. Emerson;Joel s. Brown
通讯作者：
Joel s. Brown
黑尾长耳大野兔使用新的牧场播种。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Mcadoo;W. S. Longland;G. J. Cluff;D. Klebenow
通讯作者：
D. Klebenow
亚利桑那州东南部 3 种兔科动物的栖息地特征
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. F. Brown;P. Krausman
通讯作者：
P. Krausman
奥杜博西尔维拉古斯
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
CABI Compendium
影响因子：
--
作者：
Seongjin Jang;Changkun Park
通讯作者：
Changkun Park
蜥蜴群落结构对关键啮齿动物介导的荒漠草原恢复的响应
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Bradley J. Cosentino;R. Schooley;B. Bestelmeyer;John M. Coffman
通讯作者：
John M. Coffman