Ocean surface winds drive dynamics of transoceanic aerial movements.
Ocean surface winds drive dynamics of transoceanic aerial movements.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0002928
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发表时间：
2008-08-13
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Felicisimo, Angel M.;Munoz, Jesus;Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob
全球风的模式影响着空中生物、繁殖体和颗粒的扩散和迁移过程，这最终可能决定病原体的定殖、入侵或传播的动态。然而，由于缺乏高分辨率的全球风数据以及无法跟踪空中运动，迄今为止，研究风介导的运动实际上是如何发生的一直受到阻碍。使用并发数据风和跟踪海鸟的实际路径，在这里，我们表明，海洋风定义大规模的空中运动的时空路径和障碍。我们从NASA SeaWinds散射仪获得风数据，以计算风成本（阻抗）模型，反映海洋表面附近的空气运动的阻力。我们还跟踪了一种模式生物的运动，科里的剪水（Calonectris diomedea），一种远洋鸟类已知执行长距离迁移。成本模型显示，遥远的地区可以通过“风力高速公路”连接起来，而这些高速公路与最短的大圆路线不匹配。鸟类的路线紧紧跟随着连接繁殖区和越冬区的低成本“风力高速公路”。此外，我们发现，一个潜在的障碍，近地面西风在大西洋部门的热带辐合带（ITCZ），暂时阻碍纬向跨赤道运动。当西风带消失后，鸟类穿过ITCZ返回它们的冬季栖息地。这项研究提供了一种新的方法来研究风介导的运动在海洋环境中，并表明，大规模的迁移和扩散过程在很大程度上可以由时空风模式驱动。
Global wind patterns influence dispersal and migration processes of aerial organisms, propagules and particles, which ultimately could determine the dynamics of colonizations, invasions or spread of pathogens. However, studying how wind-mediated movements actually happen has been hampered so far by the lack of high resolution global wind data as well as the impossibility to track aerial movements. Using concurrent data on winds and actual pathways of a tracked seabird, here we show that oceanic winds define spatiotemporal pathways and barriers for large-scale aerial movements. We obtained wind data from NASA SeaWinds scatterometer to calculate wind cost (impedance) models reflecting the resistance to the aerial movement near the ocean surface. We also tracked the movements of a model organism, the Cory's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea), a pelagic bird known to perform long distance migrations. Cost models revealed that distant areas can be connected through “wind highways” that do not match the shortest great circle routes. Bird routes closely followed the low-cost “wind-highways” linking breeding and wintering areas. In addition, we found that a potential barrier, the near surface westerlies in the Atlantic sector of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), temporally hindered meridional trans-equatorial movements. Once the westerlies vanished, birds crossed the ITCZ to their winter quarters. This study provides a novel approach to investigate wind-mediated movements in oceanic environments and shows that large-scale migration and dispersal processes over the oceans can be largely driven by spatiotemporal wind patterns.
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