Behavior of centrosomes during fertilization and cell division in mouse oocytes and in sea urchin eggs.
Behavior of centrosomes during fertilization and cell division in mouse oocytes and in sea urchin eggs.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.83.1.105
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
H. Schatten;G. Schatten;D. Mazia;R. Balczon;C. Simerly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Schatten;G. Schatten;D. Mazia;R. Balczon;C. Simerly
用免疫荧光显微镜观察了小鼠卵母细胞和海胆卵在受精和第一次卵裂过程中中心体的形态和位置。用抗中心体材料的自身免疫抗血清鉴定中心体。用微管蛋白抗体和DNA染料Hoechst 33258对相同的制备物进行染色，可以将中心体的形式与它们产生的微管结构以及减数分裂、配子融合和有丝分裂的阶段相关联。海胆卵的结果符合Boveri关于功能性中心体的父系起源的观点。中心体存在于精子中，在受精时进入卵子。最初，中心体是紧凑的，但随着卵子进入有丝分裂周期，中心体的形式经历一个周期，其中它们在间期扩散，明显分裂，并在中期浓缩成两个紧凑的极点。在后期，它们扩展形成扁平的杆。在分裂末期和子核的重建过程中，中心体物质以半球形帽状围绕着核的极向表面。小鼠精子缺乏中心体抗原。在未受精的小鼠卵母细胞中，减数分裂的纺锤体极呈宽珠状中心体。此外，在细胞质中检测到中心体物质作为颗粒，数量约为16个，这是小紫菀样微管阵列的病灶。星形微管的长度和数量与中心体灶的大小相关。精子结合后，随着原核的发育和更多的细胞质微管的聚集，一些病灶与细胞核的周边结合。在第一个细胞周期中，病灶的数量成倍增加。在间期结束时，所有的中心体焦点都集中在核周围，细胞质微管消失。在分裂前期，中心体呈两个不规则的团簇，标志着两极，在分裂中期和分裂后期，中心体呈粗糙的带状，纺锤体呈典型的桶形。在分裂末期，中心体呈弧形，位于分裂后的核周围。微管在各个阶段的排列顺序反映了中心体的形状。海胆的研究结果证实了中心体起源于父系的经典理论，并与追踪小鼠卵有丝分裂极到母系中心体材料的观察结果形成对比。这一证据加强了小鼠中心体来源于卵母细胞的结论。
The forms and locations of centrosomes in mouse oocytes and in sea urchin eggs were followed through the whole course of fertilization and first cleavage by immunofluorescence microscopy. Centrosomes were identified with an autoimmune antiserum to centrosomal material. Staining of the same preparations with tubulin antibody and with the DNA dye Hoechst 33258 allowed the correlation of the forms of the centrosomes with the microtubule structures that they generate and with the stages of meiosis, syngamy, and mitosis. The results with sea urchin eggs conform to Boveri's view on the paternal origin of the functional centrosomes. Centrosomes are seen in spermatozoa and enter the egg at fertilization. Initially, the centrosomes are compact, but as the eggs enter the mitotic cycle the forms of the centrosomes go through a cycle in which they spread during interphase, apparently divide, and condense into two compact poles by metaphase. In anaphase, they spread to form flat poles. In telophase and during reconstitution of the daughter nuclei, the centrosomal material is disposed as hemispherical caps around the poleward surfaces of the nuclei. Mouse sperm lack centrosomal antigen. In the unfertilized mouse oocyte, the meiotic spindle poles are displayed as broad-beaded centrosomes. In addition, centrosomal material is detected in the cytoplasm as particles, about 16 in number, which are foci of small aster-like arrays of microtubules. The length and number of astral microtubules correlate with the size of the centrosomal foci. After sperm incorporation, as the pronuclei develop and more cytoplasmic microtubules assemble, a few of the foci associate with the peripheries of the nuclei. The number of foci multiplies during the first cell cycle. At the end of interphase, all of the centrosomal foci have concentrated on the nuclear peripheries and the cytoplasmic microtubules have disappeared. At prophase, the centrosomes are seen as two irregular clusters, marking the poles which, at metaphase and anaphase, appear as rough bands with foci, and the spindle is typically barrel-shaped. At telophase, the centrosomes are seen as arcs that lie on the nuclear peripheries after cleavage. The ordering of microtubules in all the stages reflects the shapes of the centrosomes. The findings on the sea urchin confirm the classical theory of the paternal origin of centrosomes and contrast with observations tracing the mitotic poles of the mouse egg to maternal centrosomal material. This evidence strengthens the conclusion that mouse centrosomes derive from the oocyte.