American Sign Language Video Anonymization to Support Online Participation of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Users
American Sign Language Video Anonymization to Support Online Participation of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Users
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DOI：
10.1145/3441852.3471200
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sooyeon Lee;Abraham Glasser;Becca Dingman;Zhaoyang Xia;Dimitris N. Metaxas;C. Neidle;Matt Huenerfauth
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文献类型：
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作者：
Sooyeon Lee;Abraham Glasser;Becca Dingman;Zhaoyang Xia;Dimitris N. Metaxas;C. Neidle;Matt Huenerfauth
如果没有一个普遍接受的美国手语（ASL）书写系统，希望在网上表达意见或提问的聋人或听力障碍（DHH）ASL签名者必须发布他们的签名视频，如果他们不喜欢使用书面英语，他们可能会觉得不太熟练。由于面部传达了基本的语言意义，因此不能为了保持匿名而简单地将面部从视频中删除。因此，DHH ASL签名者不能轻易地用他们的母语讨论敏感、个人或有争议的话题，限制了他们参与在线辩论或有关健康或法律的问题的询问。我们探讨了最近的几次尝试，通过开发“面部交换”技术来解决这个问题，以自动伪装视频中的面部，同时保留基本的面部表情和自然的人类外观。我们提出了几个原型DHH ASL签名者（N=16），并检查他们的兴趣和要求，这种技术。在观看了其他签名者和他们自己的转换视频后，参与者评估了这些技术的可理解性，外观的自然性和匿名保护程度。我们的研究揭示了用户对这三个维度之间的关键权衡的看法，有助于每个维度的因素，以及他们对该技术在各种情况下使用的转型选项的看法。我们的研究结果指导了这项技术的未来设计师，并为应用和设计功能的选择提供了信息。
Without a commonly accepted writing system for American Sign Language (ASL), Deaf or Hard of Hearing (DHH) ASL signers who wish to express opinions or ask questions online must post a video of their signing, if they prefer not to use written English, a language in which they may feel less proficient. Since the face conveys essential linguistic meaning, the face cannot simply be removed from the video in order to preserve anonymity. Thus, DHH ASL signers cannot easily discuss sensitive, personal, or controversial topics in their primary language, limiting engagement in online debate or inquiries about health or legal issues. We explored several recent attempts to address this problem through development of “face swap” technologies to automatically disguise the face in videos while preserving essential facial expressions and natural human appearance. We presented several prototypes to DHH ASL signers (N=16) and examined their interests in and requirements for such technology. After viewing transformed videos of other signers and of themselves, participants evaluated the understandability, naturalness of appearance, and degree of anonymity protection of these technologies. Our study revealed users’ perception of key trade-offs among these three dimensions, factors that contribute to each, and their views on transformation options enabled by this technology, for use in various contexts. Our findings guide future designers of this technology and inform selection of applications and design features.