Determining nuclear shape The role of farnesylated nuclear membrane proteins
Determining nuclear shape The role of farnesylated nuclear membrane proteins
复制标题
DOI：
10.4161/nucl.2.1.13992
复制
发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Grosshans, Joerg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Polychronidou, Maria;Grosshans, Joerg
在不同的发育过程中以及在病理条件下观察到核形态的变化。核膜和核纤层蛋白水平的改变导致核形状的改变，正如在从酵母到人类细胞的实验系统中所证明的那样。核膜组分在调节核形态中的重要作用还通过在核纤层蛋白突变的疾病中观察到的异常形状的核而突出。尽管核膜成分对核形状的影响已被彻底描述，但对控制这些事件的分子机制知之甚少。除了已知的作用，中间丝形成核纤层蛋白，在这里，我们讨论了几种机制，可能单独或组合参与核形状的调节后观察到的核膜和核纤层蛋白的水平的修改。基于最近的工作与两个法尼基化核膜果蝇蛋白，kugelkern和核纤层蛋白Dm0，我们提出，法尼基化核膜蛋白与磷脂双层的直接相互作用导致核膜变形。除了这种机制，我们认为，核膜和纤层蛋白与细胞骨架元素和染色质的相互作用，以及脂质生物合成的修改也可能参与异常形状的细胞核的形成。
Changes in nuclear morphology are observed in diverse developmental processes as well as in pathological conditions. Modification of nuclear membrane and nuclear lamina protein levels results in altered nuclear shapes, as it has been demonstrated in experimental systems ranging from yeast to human cells. The important role of nuclear membrane components in regulating nuclear morphology is additionally highlighted by the abnormally shaped nuclei observed in diseases where nuclear lamina proteins are mutated. Even though the effect of nuclear envelope components on nuclear shape has been thoroughly described, not much is known about the molecular mechanisms that govern these events. In addition to the known role of intermediate filament formation by lamins, here we discuss several mechanisms that might alone or in combination participate in the regulation of nuclear shape observed upon modification of the levels of nuclear membrane and lamina proteins. Based on recent work with the two farnesylated nuclear membrane Drosophila proteins, kugelkern and lamin Dm0, we propose that the direct interaction of farnesylated nuclear membrane proteins with the phospholipid bilayer leads to nuclear envelope deformation. In addition to this mechanism, we suggest that the interaction of nuclear membrane and lamina proteins with cytoskeletal elements and chromatin, and modifications in lipid biosynthesis might also be involved in the formation of abnormally shaped nuclei.