How the energy budget scales from the laboratory to the crust in accretionary wedges

How the energy budget scales from the laboratory to the crust in accretionary wedges
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能量收支如何从实验室扩展到增生楔中的地壳

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116276
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Renard, François
Renard, François
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
McBeck, Jessica;Cooke, Michele;Renard, François

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我们研究了从实验室厘米尺度到地壳千米尺度五个数量级的增生棱镜中机械能收支的缩放特性。我们首先开发了与长度尺度、断层和材料特性、表面地形和在尺度干砂增积实验中观察到的断层几何形状相匹配的数值模型。当我们系统地以数量级增加数值模型的空间维度时,我们计算了第一个逆冲断层对形成之前和之后的能量收支的每个分量。相对于系统所做的总功,总体刚度和滑移弱化距离从实验室尺度到地壳尺度的增加产生了能量收支的尺度不变分配。分量的比例是指数为3的幂律。因此,要对地壳增生楔内的变形能量学进行精确的实验室模拟,需要对刚度和滑移减弱距离进行精确的标度计算。在实验室和地壳尺度上逆冲断层发育之前,内部功消耗的预算最多(67-77%),其次是摩擦功消耗的预算(17-27%)。在推力之后,摩擦功和内部功消耗的能量预算相似(38-50%)。剩余能量收支分量的总和,包括重力功、地震功和裂缝扩展功,占逆冲断层发育前后总能量收支的10-15%。
We investigate the scaling properties of the mechanical energy budget in accretionary prisms across five orders of magnitude, from the laboratory centimeter-scale to crustal kilometer-scale. We first develop numerical models that match the length scale, fault and material properties, surface topography, and fault geometries observed in scaled dry sand accretionary experiments. As we systematically increase the spatial dimensions of the numerical models by orders of magnitude, we calculate each component of the energy budget both before and after the first thrust fault pair develops. The increase of both the bulk stiffness and slip weakening distance from the laboratory- to crustal-scale produces a scale-invariant partitioning of the energy budget, relative to the total work done on the system. The components scale as power laws with exponents of three. Consequently, accurate laboratory simulations of the energetics of deformation within crustal accretionary wedges require careful scaling of the stiffness and slip weakening distance. Preceding thrust fault development at both the laboratory and crustal scale, the internal work consumes the largest portion of the budget (67-77%) and frictional work consumes the next largest portion (17-27%). Following thrusting, frictional work and internal work consume similar portions of the energy budget (38-50%). The sum of the remaining energy budget components, including gravitational work, seismic work, and the work of fracture propagation, consume <10-15% of the total energy budget preceding and following thrust fault development.
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发表时间: 2015-12
影响因子: 5.3
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