Short-term reorganization of auditory analysis induced by phonetic experience
Short-term reorganization of auditory analysis induced by phonetic experience
复制标题
DOI：
10.1162/089892903321662930
复制
发表时间：
2003-05-15
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Remez, RE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liebenthal, E;Binder, JR;Remez, RE
根据听者的经验，口语单词的正弦波复制品既可以被感知为非语音的听觉形式，也可以被感知为单词。本研究在两种情况下对正弦波词激活的脑区进行了NRI研究：当受试者自发地将声音感知为非语音听觉形式时(“nalve条件”)和在指导和简短练习后注意其语音属性(“知情条件”)。由于第一和第三共振峰的声调相似在时间上颠倒了(非语音项)，所以测试项目的组成是这样的：一半是复制的自然单词(“语音项”)，另一半则不是。受试者被要求决定是否包括在正弦波词(T1234)之前出现的第二共振峰(T2)的孤立声调模拟。注意正弦的语音特性的经验干扰了这项听觉匹配任务，并伴随着单词复制的听觉皮质激活的减少，但与声音匹配的非语音项无关。由于等值声学测试项目所诱发的激活模式依赖于听者对其语音潜势的意识，这表明在听觉皮层中对语音的分析有别于简单的听觉形式解析，而不仅仅是声学复杂性的结果。由于任意的声音模式不能唤起对语音模式的反应，这些发现表明，对语言的感知取决于熟悉的频谱变化模式的存在。这一结果与正弦波复制的语音经验引起的听觉分析的短期功能重组是一致的，并取决于语音的动态声学结构。
Sine wave replicas of spoken words can be perceived both as nonphonetic auditory forms and as words, depending on a listener's experience. In this study, brain areas activated by sine wave words were studied with NRI in two conditions: when subjects perceived the sounds spontaneously as nonphonetic auditory forms ("nalve condition") and after instruction and brief practice attending to their phonetic attributes ("informed condition"). The test items were composed such that half replicated natural words ("phonetic items") and the other half did not, because the tone analogs of the first and third formants had been temporally reversed ("nonphonetic items"). Subjects were asked to decide whether an isolated tone analog of the second formant (T2) presented before the sine wave word (T1234) was included in it. Experience in attending to the phonetic properties of the sinusoids interfered with this auditory matching task and was accompanied by a decrease in auditory cortex activation with word replicas but not with the acoustically matched nonphonetic items. Because the activation patterns elicited by equivalent acoustic test items depended on a listener's awareness of their phonetic potential, this indicates that the analysis of speech sounds in the auditory cortex is distinct from the simple resolution of auditory form, and is not a mere consequence of acoustic complexity. Because arbitrary acoustic patterns did not evoke the response observed for phonetic patterns, these findings suggest that the perception of speech is contingent on the presence of familiar patterns of spectral variation. The results are consistent with a short-term functional reorganization of auditory analysis induced by phonetic experience with sine wave replicas and contingent on the dynamic acoustic structure of speech.