Impacts of temporal variation on apparent competition and coexistence in open ecosystems
Impacts of temporal variation on apparent competition and coexistence in open ecosystems
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时间变化对开放生态系统中明显竞争和共存的影响
DOI：
10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12570.x
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
M. Barfield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Holt;M. Barfield
自然界在空间和时间上都是可变的，但很少有生态学理论明确地致力于分析这两种可变性同时运作的后果。这个问题的研究相对于间接的相互作用明显的竞争，这可能会限制猎物社区的成员。一个限制性的例子提供了一个有用的出发点，那就是想象一个当地社区受到与外部源景观耦合的影响，但对该景观的相互影响很小。通常会有一定的输入率，当地的劣势物种，足以“沼泽”一个上级物种，并迫使它灭绝。我们使用简单的模型明显的竞争表明，当一个叠加在这种情况下的时间波动，介导的参数值的变化，这种变化可以放大外部输入的重要性，或减少它，这取决于系统的哪个组件的经验变化。我们研究这两个缓慢的变化（我们建议的协议，可能是有用的，在广泛的生态模型）和快速变化的情况下。这里提出的理论研究提供了丰富的结果，可能会出现由于时间的变化，在空间异质景观的例子。
The natural world is variable both in space and in time, but little ecological theory has been explicitly devoted to analyzing the consequences of both kinds of variability operating simultaneously. This issue is examined relative to the indirect interaction of apparent competition, which can limit the membership of prey communities. One limiting case that provides a useful starting point is to imagine that a local community is influenced by coupling with an external source landscape, but has little reciprocal influence on that landscape. There usually will be some rate of input of a locally inferior species that suffices to ‘swamp’ a superior species and drive it to extinction. We use simple models of apparent competition to show that when one superimposes upon this scenario temporal fluctuations, mediated through shifts in parameter values, such variation can either magnify the importance of the external input, or reduce it, depending on which component of the system experiences variation. We examine this in the case of both slow variation (for which we suggest a protocol that may be useful in a wide range of ecological models), and fast variation. The theoretical studies presented here provide examples of the rich range of outcomes that may arise due to temporal variability in spatially heterogeneous landscapes.