Volcanic Gas and Prevention of Disaster.
Volcanic Gas and Prevention of Disaster.
复制标题
火山气体与灾害预防。
DOI：
10.5702/massspec.51.119
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Hirabayashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Hirabayashi
自2000年9月底以来，三宅岛火山排放了大量的SO2气体。2000年平均SO2排放量约为5万吨/日。大约4,000人无法返回该岛，因为二氧化硫气体已经排放，岛上经常观察到超过5 ppm的二氧化硫气体浓度。一般来说，火山气体主要含有水蒸气。干气主要由HF、HCl、SO2、H2S、CO2等气体组成，并含有少量的N2、H2、He、Ar、CH 4、CO等气体，HF、HCl、SO2、H2S等气体具有较高的毒性。自1900年以来，火山气体灾害约占火山灾害死亡人数的2.5%。日本近50年来在11座活火山周围发生了28次火山气体灾害，造成49人死亡。火山瓦斯灾害的发生主要受火山区周围地面形态和无风、多云、多雾天气及逆温层形成等气象条件的控制。三宅岛的大山火山已经释放了两年多的二氧化硫，居民不得不离开该岛。火山瓦斯灾害受气象条件和当地地质条件的影响。在大喷发时，火山气体上升到平流层，气溶胶导致全球低温。为了减少火山气体的灾害，需要有选择性的气体传感器进行监测，并对预测的危险进行报警。
A large amount of SO2 gas was discharged from Miyakejima volcano since the end of September, 2000. The averaged SO2 flux was about 50,000 ton/day in 2000. About 4,000 people could not returned to the island, because SO2 gas has been discharged, and more than 5 ppm of SO2 gas concentrations has been observed frequently around the island. In generally, volcanic gas contains mainly water vapor. The dry gas is largely composed of HF, HCl, SO2 , H2S and CO2 with small amount of N2, H2, He, Ar, CH4 and CO. HF, HCl, SO2 and H2S gases have high toxicity. The volcanic gas disaster occupied about 2.5% of volcanic disaster based on the dead since 1900. In Japan, disasters by volcanic gas occurred 28 times around eleven active volcanoes and 49 people were died during the recent 50 years. Occurrence of volcanic gas disaster is mainly dominated by the configuration of ground around fumarolic area and meterological conditions such as windless, cloudy, foggy weather and formation of inversion layer. SO2 has been released at Oyama volcano in Miyakejima island for more than two years, and the inhabitants had to leave the island. Volcanic gas disaster is influenced by meteorological conditions and local geology. In case of big eruption, volcanic gas ascends to the stratospheric, and aerosol causes low temperature in the world. To reduce the disaster of volcanic gas, it is needed to monitor with a selective gas sensor and to alarm people the forecasted dangers.