Linking bedrock discontinuities to glacial quarrying

Linking bedrock discontinuities to glacial quarrying
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将基岩不连续性与冰川采石联系起来

DOI:
10.1017/aog.2019.36
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Helanow, C.
Helanow, C.
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Woodard, J. B.;Zoet, L. K.;Iverson, N. R.;Helanow, C.

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采石和磨蚀是基岩冰川侵蚀的两个主要过程。冰川硬床的形态取决于这两个过程的相对有效性,因为磨蚀倾向于平滑基岩表面,采石倾向于粗糙它们。在这里,我们分析了在瑞士Tsanfleuron前田基岩不连续的浓度,以帮助确定有利于冰川采石磨损的地质条件。空中不连续性的浓度是从缩放的无人机为基础的照片,其中在基岩中的裂缝和层面手动映射。Tukey诚实的显着差异检验表明,空气浓度的床正常基岩不连续性是没有显着不同的采石场和非采石区的前田。因此,需要另一种解释来解释采石区的空间变异性。为了调查的作用,床平行的不连续性可能在采石中发挥作用,我们使用有限元模型来模拟床正常的裂缝传播内的阶梯床不同的步骤高度。结果表明,较高的步骤(较大的间距床平行不连续)传播床正常的裂缝比较小的步骤更容易。因此,通过确定块体从主岩上松动的速率,层间平行不连续面的间距可以对采石施加强有力的控制。
Quarrying and abrasion are the two principal processes responsible for glacial erosion of bedrock. The morphologies of glacier hard beds depend on the relative effectiveness of these two processes, as abrasion tends to smooth bedrock surfaces and quarrying tends to roughen them. Here we analyze concentrations of bedrock discontinuities in the Tsanfleuron forefield, Switzerland, to help determine the geologic conditions that favor glacial quarrying over abrasion. Aerial discontinuity concentrations are measured from scaled drone-based photos where fractures and bedding planes in the bedrock are manually mapped. A Tukey honest significant difference test indicates that aerial concentration of bed-normal bedrock discontinuities is not significantly different between quarried and non-quarried areas of the forefield. Thus, an alternative explanation is needed to account for the spatial variability of quarried areas. To investigate the role that bed-parallel discontinuities might play in quarrying, we use a finite element model to simulate bed-normal fracture propagation within a stepped bed with different step heights. Results indicate that higher steps (larger spacing of bed-parallel discontinuities) propagate bed-normal fractures more readily than smaller steps. Thus, the spacing of bed-parallel discontinuities could exert strong control on quarrying by determining the rate that blocks can be loosened from the host rock.
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