Intelligence and family size reconsidered.
Intelligence and family size reconsidered.
复制标题
重新考虑智力和家庭规模。
DOI：
10.1080/19485565.1988.9988685
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sewell,WH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Retherford,RD;Sewell,WH
这项研究的主要目的是调查1957年威斯康星州9,000多名高中毕业生的智力和生育能力之间的关系。研究中考虑了各种相关性的测量方法，包括智商选择差异（IQ selection differential），它提供了一种估计，即假设出生历史中的每个孩子的智商与其父母的智商平均值相同，那么平均智商的代际变化会是什么。这不仅是为毕业生计算的，而且更现实地说，是为整个群体计算的，包括辍学者。整个队列的智商选择差异估计为一代人智商下降的十分之八。据估计，女性对这一下降的贡献几乎是男性的五倍。十分之八的值可以被视为该队列及其后代的平均基因型智商世代下降的上限。一个有根据的猜测，部分基于遗传模型和智商遗传性研究的发现，以及上述对智商选择差异的估计，是平均基因型智商的代际变化大约是这个队列及其后代智商下降的三分之一。
The major purpose of this study is to examine the association between the measured intelligence and fertility of over 9,000 persons who graduated high school in Wisconsin in 1957. Various measures of association are considered, including the IQ selection differential, which provides an estimate of what the generational change in mean IQ would be if, hypothetically, each child in the birth histories had the same IQ as the mean of its parents’ IQ's. This is calculated not only for graduates but also, more realistically, for the complete cohort, including dropouts. The IQ selection differential for the complete cohort is estimated to be eight‐tenths of an IQ point decline in a generation. The contribution of females to this decline is estimated to be almost five times greater than the contribution of males. The value of eight‐tenths may be viewed as an upper bound of the generational decline in mean genotypic IQ for this cohort and its offspring. An educated guess, based partly on genetic models and findings from IQ heritabil‐ity studies as well as on the above estimate of the IQ selection differential, is that the generational change in mean genotypic IQ is about one‐third of an IQ point decline for this cohort and its offspring.