Effects of thymol and carvacrol supplementation on intestinal integrity and immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens.
Effects of thymol and carvacrol supplementation on intestinal integrity and immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40104-016-0079-7
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Guo Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Du E;Wang W;Gan L;Li Z;Guo S;Guo Y
由产气荚膜梭菌感染引起的坏死性肠炎给全球家禽生产造成了严重的经济损失。在本研究中，我们研究了添加含有25%百里香酚和25%香芹酚活性成分的精油（EO）对产气荚膜荚膜杆菌感染肉鸡的生长性能、肠道病变、肠道形态和免疫反应的保护作用。试验选用448只1日龄肉鸡，按4 × 2因子设计分为8个处理组，分别饲喂4种EO剂量（0、60、120、240 mg/kg）和2种感染状态（第14 ~ 20天有或没有产气荚膜荚膜原菌攻毒）。攻毒不影响鸡的生长性能，但可引起肠道病变，增加回肠隐窝深度（P≤0.05）。下调cludin -1和occludin mRNA表达（P≤0.05），上调白细胞介素-1β mRNA表达（P≤0.05），有增加回肠toll样受体（TLR） 2 mRNA表达的趋势（P < 0.10），增加粘膜分泌IgA的产生（P≤0.05）。饲粮中添加EO可线性缓解攻毒鸡的肠道病变，提高绒毛高度/隐窝深度比（P≤0.05），添加120和240 mg/kg EO可提高新城疫病毒血清抗体滴度（P≤0.05）。无论攻毒程度如何，饲粮中添加EO均有线性提高14 ~ 28日龄饲料转化效率和occludin mRNA表达的趋势（P < 0.10），线性抑制回肠TLR2和肿瘤坏死因子-α mRNA表达的趋势（P≤0.05）。饲粮中添加EO可通过改善肠道完整性和调节免疫反应来减轻产气荚膜梭菌侵染肉鸡肠道损伤。
Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens infection leads to serious economic losses in the global poultry production. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of essential oils (EO, which contained 25 % thymol and 25 % carvacrol as active components) supplementation on growth performance, gut lesions, intestinal morphology, and immune responses of the broiler chickens infected with C. perfringens. A total of 448 1-day-old male broiler chicks were allocated into eight treatment groups following a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with four dietary EO dosages (0, 60, 120, or 240 mg/kg) and two infection status (with or without C. perfringens challenge from d 14 to 20). The challenge did not impair the growth performance of birds, but induced gut lesions and increased crypt depth in the ileum (P ≤ 0.05). It also down-regulated the claudin-1 and occludin mRNA expression (P ≤ 0.05), up-regulated the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β (P ≤ 0.05), tended to increase the toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 mRNA expression (P < 0.10) in the ileum, and enhanced the mucosal secretory IgA production (P ≤ 0.05). In the challenged birds, dietary EO supplementation linearly alleviated the gut lesions and improved the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P ≤ 0.05), and the supplementation of 120 and 240 mg/kg EO increased the serum antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus (P ≤ 0.05). Regardless of challenge, the EO supplementation showed a tendency to linearly elevate the feed conversion efficiency between 14 and 28 d of age as well as the occludin mRNA expression (P < 0.10), and linearly inhibited the mRNA expression of TLR2 and tumor necrotic factor-α in the ileum (P ≤ 0.05). The dietary supplementation of EO could alleviate the intestinal injury by improving intestinal integrity and modulating immune responses in the C. perfringens-challenged broiler chickens.