Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacent areas
Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacent areas
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DOI：
10.1016/s0040-1951(01)00271-2
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发表时间：
2002-02
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Jianye Ren;K. Tamaki;Sitian Li;Junxia Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jianye Ren;K. Tamaki;Sitian Li;Junxia Zhang
晚中生代和新生代，中国东部及邻区普遍存在伸展作用。第一期裂陷作用发生在晚侏罗世-早白垩世，东西方向为贝加尔湖至锡霍特-阿林，南北方向为蒙古-鄂霍次克褶皱带至华北，面积达200多万km 2。这次裂谷作用以陆内裂谷、火山喷发和沿沿着大型走滑断裂的转换伸展为特征。根据岩浆活动、盆地充填序列、构造格局和盆地沉降分析，将该区的演化划分为三个主要发展阶段。第一期，钙碱性火山岩沿北北东向断裂沿着强烈喷发，形成大兴安岭火山岩带。第二阶段，东北亚地区发育盆山型含煤、含油断陷盆地系统。第三阶段是由同裂向热沉降转变的阶段，松辽盆地发育了巨厚的裂后沉积。白垩纪末挤压构造作用导致的隆升和剥蚀之后，中国东部进入了古近纪裂谷阶段，形成了广泛的大陆裂谷系和陆缘盆地。这些断陷盆地通常充满了几公里的冲积和湖泊沉积，并含有大量的化石燃料资源。对这些裂谷盆地的综合研究表明，这些盆地具有快速沉降、较高的古地热史和地壳减薄的特点。现在人们普遍认为，这些盆地的形成与岩石圈伸展体制或右旋张扭体制有关。晚第三纪，中国东部早第三纪盆地进入后造山阶段，形成区域性坳陷。盆地充填物形成于热沉降期，上覆断陷盆地边缘，沉积于广阔的坳陷湖盆中。与此同时，贝加尔湖和山西地堑的板内裂谷达到高潮，日本海和南海发生扩张。第四纪裂谷作用以玄武岩喷发和第三纪裂谷区加速沉降为标志。冲绳海槽是一个弧后伸展的活动裂谷。在不同的构造背景下，大陆裂谷作用和边缘海开口作用明显。根据盆地基底性质、裂陷构造位置及与大型走滑断裂的关系，将盆地划分为褶皱带内陆内裂陷、克拉通内陆内裂陷和大陆边缘裂陷扩张三种裂陷样式。印度-欧亚大陆和太平洋-欧亚大陆会聚速率的变化可能导致了北西-南东向的伸展应力场主导了裂谷作用。软流圈上涌可能对裂谷过程起到了很好的辅助作用。本文提出了板块相互作用与岩石圈深部过程的组合模型，用以解释中国东部及邻区的裂谷过程。中国东部及邻区晚中生代和新生代伸展构造的研究具有重要意义，因为它可以作为岩石圈伸展的动力学背景和变形机制的指示。研究成果对该区矿产资源和能源资源的勘探开发也有一定的参考价值。
During the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic, extension was widespread in Eastern China and adjacent areas. The first rifting stage spanned in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous times and covered an area of more than 2 million km2of NE Asia from the Lake Baikal to the Sikhot-Alin in EW direction and from the Mongol–Okhotsk fold belt to North China in NS direction. This rifting was characterized by intracontinental rifts, volcanic eruptions and transform extension along large-scale strike–slip faults. Based on the magmatic activity, filling sequence of basins, tectonic framework and subsidence analysis of basins, the evolution of this area can be divided into three main developmental phases. The first phase, calc-alkaline volcanics erupted intensely along NNE-trending faults, forming Daxing'anling volcanic belt, NE China. The second phase, Basin and Range type fault basin system bearing coal and oil developed in NE Asia. During the third phase, which was marked by the change from synrifting to thermal subsidence, very thick postrift deposits developed in the Songliao basin (the largest oil basin in NE China). Following uplift and denudation, caused by compressional tectonism in the near end of Cretaceous, a Paleogene rifting stage produced widespread continental rift systems and continental margin basins in Eastern China. These rifted basins were usually filled with several kilometers of alluvial and lacustrine deposits and contain a large amount of fossil fuel resources. Integrated research in most of these rifting basins has shown that the basins are characterized by rapid subsidence, relative high paleo-geothermal history and thinned crust. It is now accepted that the formation of most of these basins was related to a lithospheric extensional regime or dextral transtensional regime. During Neogene time, early Tertiary basins in Eastern China entered a postrifting phase, forming regional downwarping. Basin fills formed in a thermal subsidence period onlapped the fault basin margins and were deposited in a broad downwarped lacustrine depression. At the same time, within plate rifting of the Lake Baikal and Shanxi graben climaxed and spreading of the Japan Sea and South China Sea occurred. Quaternary rifting was marked by basalt eruption and accelerated subsidence in the area of Tertiary rifting. The Okinawa Trough is an active rift involving back-arc extension. Continental rifting and marginal sea opening were clearly developed in various kind of tectonic settings. Three rifting styles, intracontinental rifting within fold belt, intracontinental rifting within craton and continental marginal rifting and spreading, are distinguished on the basis of nature of the basin basement, tectonic location of rifting and relations to large strike–slip faults. Changes of convergence rates of India–Eurasia and Pacific–Eurasia may have caused NW–SE-trending extensional stress field dominating the rifting. Asthenospheric upwelling may have well assisted the rifting process. In this paper, a combination model of interactions between plates and deep process of lithosphere has been proposed to explain the rifting process in East China and adjacent areas. The research on the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic extensional tectonics of East China and adjacent areas is important because of its utility as an indicator of the dynamic setting and deformational mechanisms involved in stretching Lithosphere. The research also benefits the exploration and development of mineral and energy resources in this area.