Biomass burning as a source of atmospheric gases
Biomass burning as a source of atmospheric gases
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-27460-7_4
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发表时间：
1979-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Crutzen;L. Heidt;J. Krasnec;W. Pollock;W. Seiler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Crutzen;L. Heidt;J. Krasnec;W. Pollock;W. Seiler
生物量燃烧可大大增加大气化学中几种重要气体的排放量。在若干情况下，排放量与技术来源相当。大多数燃烧发生在热带地区的旱季，是由人类活动引起的。森林砍伐和生物质燃烧对大气CO2循环的潜在重要性受到了广泛关注，并引起了一些争议[1-3]。在这篇文章中，我们将展示生物质燃烧作为一种微量气体来源的可能重要性，这是由人类在热带地区的活动引起的。我们利用全球生物质燃烧分析的结果[4]，对全球生物质燃烧产生的重要大气痕量气体CO、H2、CH 4、N2 O、NOx（NO和NO2）、COS和CH 3Cl的来源进行了粗略估计。表4.1显示了我们对不同活动和生态系统的研究结果。我们的方法是将这些气体的排放量与火灾羽流中的CO2排放量联系起来。我们在两次重大森林火灾中确定了这样的排放比率。第一次是来自科罗拉多米克尔西南12.5公里处的森林大火。树冠火灾是由松树和杜松木材燃料，但大部分的材料燃烧包括一年生和多年生草，灌木杜松，和灌木丛中的山艾树。密集的烟羽上升到4公里的高度，然后变平并水平移动。在不同高度的烟雾羽流飞行期间，在不锈钢容器中收集样品。还在到达取样区之前6公里处的烟羽高度和离开火场时再次采集了背景样品。第二场火灾发生在落基山国家森林公园的野生盆地地区，离米克尔遗址不远，在一片成熟的云杉和冷杉林中，
Biomass burning can contribute extensively to the budgets of several gases which are important in atmospheric chemistry. In several cases the emission is comparable to the technological source. Most burning takes place in the tropics in the dry season and is caused by man’s activities.The potential importance of deforestation and biomass burning for the atmospheric CO2 cycle has received much attention and caused some controversy [1–3]. In this article we will show the probable importance of biomass burning as a trace gas source, which is caused by man’s activities in the tropics. We used the results of our global biomass burning analysis [4] to derive some rough estimates of the sources of the important atmospheric trace gases CO, H2, CH4, N2O, NOx (NO and NO2), COS and CH3Cl from the worldwide burning of biomass. Table 4.1 shows the results of our study for different activities and ecosystems. Our approach has been to relate the emission quantities of these gases to those of CO2 in fire plumes. We have determined such emission ratios during two major forest fires. The first was from a forest fire* 12.5 km south-west of Meeker, Colorado. The crown fire was fuelled by pinon and juniper timber, but most of the material burned consisted of annual and perennial grasses, shrub juniper, and sagebrush in the undergrowth. The dense plume rose to a height of* 4 km before flattening and moving horizontally. Samples were collected in stainless steel containers during flights through the smoke plume at different altitudes. Background samples were also collected, at plume altitude, 6 km before reaching the sampling area and again when leaving the fire area. The second fire occurred in the Wild Basin area of the Rocky Mountain National Forest, not far from the Meeker site, in a mature spruce and fir forest in which there