Macrotidal estuaries: a region of collision between migratory marine animals and tidal power development
Macrotidal estuaries: a region of collision between migratory marine animals and tidal power development
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大潮汐河口：海洋迁徙动物与潮汐能开发的碰撞区域
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Rulifson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Dadswell;R. Rulifson
大量洄游鱼类，特别是角鲨、鲟鱼、鲱鱼、西鲱、大西洋鲑鱼和条纹鲈鱼以及其他洄游海洋动物利用芬迪内湾的大潮汐河口，其中许多动物体型较大（鱿鱼、Lamnid鲨鱼、海豹和鲸鱼）。标记实验表明，这些鱼来自从佛罗里达到拉布拉多的整个北美大西洋海岸。据估计，每年有多达2.0倍的106只成年美洲（Alosa saparissima）通过一个海湾迁移。这些迁徙是各物种生活史的一个组成部分，似乎部分受到洋流在海岸附近移动的控制。在世界其他地区也存在类似的大潮汐河口（阿拉斯加的库克湾;英国的塞文河口）。它们和芬迪湾一样，与当地的洋流相连。我们建议，海洋动物利用所有这些地区的方式类似于芬迪湾河口和适当设计的调查将揭示他们的存在。利用芬迪湾上的安纳波利斯河口低水头潮汐涡轮机进行的鱼类通道研究表明，每次通道与涡轮机相关的死亡率为20-80%，这取决于鱼类种类、鱼类大小和涡轮机运行效率。我们认为，引进潮汐涡轮机到开放的洋流系统将造成广泛的影响，对海洋种群造成显着下降的丰度。
Macrotidal estuaries of the inner Bay of Fundy are utilized by large numbers of migratory fishes, particularly dogfish, sturgeon, herring, shad, Atlantic salmon and striped bass as well as by other migratory marine animals, many of which have large body sizes (squid, Lamnid sharks, seals and whales). Tagging experiments indicate the fishes originate from stocks derived over the entire North American Atlantic coast from Florida to Labrador. Population estimates suggest up to 2.0 times 106adult American shad (Alosa sapidissima) migrate through an individual embayment each year. These migrations are an integral part of the life history of the respective species and appear to be controlled in part by the near shore movements of ocean currents. In other regions of the world similar macrotidal estuaries exist (Cook Inlet, Alaska; Severn Estuary, U.K.) and they, like the Bay of Fundy, are linked in continuum to the local ocean currents. We propose that marine animals utilize all these regions in a manner similar to the Bay of Fundy estuaries and properly designed surveys will reveal their presence. Fish passage studies utilizing the Annapolis estuary low-head, tidal turbine on the Bay of Fundy have shown that turbine related mortality of 20–80% per passage occurs depending on fish species, fish size and the efficiency of turbine operation. We suggest that introduction of tidal turbines into open ocean current systems will cause widespread impact on marine populations resulting in significant declines in abundance.