Supplement to An Introduction to Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)
Supplement to An Introduction to Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)
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DOI：
10.1175/bams-83-7-schmetz-1
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发表时间：
2002-07
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
J. Schmetz;P. Pili;S. Tjemkes;D. Just;J. Kerkmann;Sergio Rota;A. Ratier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Schmetz;P. Pili;S. Tjemkes;D. Just;J. Kerkmann;Sergio Rota;A. Ratier
本文介绍了定于2002年夏季发射的欧洲新一代静止气象卫星--第二代气象卫星（MSG）。MSG是自旋稳定的，就像目前的气象卫星系列一样，但是，具有大大增强的能力。12通道成像仪，称为自旋增强可见光和红外成像仪（SEVIRI），以前所未有的15分钟重复周期观察整个地球盘。SEVIRI在热红外（IR）中有8个通道，分别为3.9、6.2、7.3、8.7、9.7、10.8、12.0和13.4μ m;在0.6、0.8和1.6μm处的太阳光谱中的三个通道;以及宽带高分辨率可见光通道。高分辨率可见光通道在最低点的空间分辨率为1.67公里;像素以1.67的系数进行过采样，对应于在最低点1公里的采样距离。八个热红外通道和其他三个太阳通道的相应值为4.8公里的空间分辨率在最低点和1.6的过采样因子，这对应于3公里的采样距离在最低点。热红外通道具有优于1 K的机载校准精度。太阳能通道校准与操作替代程序，旨在5%的精度。气象产品是由位于德国达姆施塔特的欧洲气象卫星应用组织的卫星应用设施和中央气象产品提取设施产生的。这些产品支持临近预报、数值天气预报和气候应用。数值预报的最重要的产品，大气运动矢量，是从不同的渠道，以提高数据的覆盖范围和质量。除其他外，新产品是描述晴朗大气和总臭氧柱不稳定性的指数。本文还讨论了MSG的未来应用，特别是云的快速发展，云微物理和陆地应用的观测被认为是高潜力的领域。作为一个额外的科学有效载荷，MSG携带了一个地球静止地球辐射收支（GERB）仪器，观测地球大气系统的宽带热红外和太阳辐射。
This paper introduces the new generation of European geostationary meteorological satellites, Meteosat Second Generation (MSG), scheduled for launch in summer 2002. MSG is spin stabilized, as is the current Meteosat series, however, with greatly enhanced capabilities. The 12-channel imager, called the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), observes the full disk of the earth with an unprecedented repeat cycle of 15 min. SEVIRI has eight channels in the thermal infrared (IR) at 3.9,6.2,7.3, 8.7, 9.7, 10.8, 12.0, and 13.4μum; three channels in the solar spectrum at 0.6, 0.8, and 1.6μm; and a broadband high-resolution visible channel. The high-resolution visible channel has a spatial resolution of 1.67 km at nadir; pixels are oversampled with a factor of 1.67 corresponding to a sampling distance of 1 km at nadir. The corresponding values for the eight thermal IR and the other three solar channels are 4.8-km spatial resolution at nadir and an oversampling factor of 1.6, which corresponds to a sampling distance of 3 km at nadir.Radiometric performance of all channels exceeds specifications. Thermal IR channels have an onboard calibration with an accuracy better than 1 K. Solar channels are calibrated with an operational vicarious procedure aiming at an accuracy of 5%. Meteorological products are derived in the so-called Satellite Application Facilities (SAF) and in the central Meteorological Product Extraction Facility (MPEF) at the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) in Darmstadt, Germany. The products support nowcasting, numerical weather prediction (NWP), and climatological applications. The most important product for NWP, the atmospheric motion vectors, are derived from different channels to improve data coverage and quality. Novel products are, among others, indices describing the instability of the clear atmosphere and total column ozone. The paper also discusses the use of MSG for future applications, in particular, observations of the rapid cloud development, cloud microphysics, and land applications are considered as areas of high potential. As an additional scientific payload, MSG carries a Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) instrument observing the broadband thermal infrared and solar radiances exiting the earth-atmosphere system.