Downhole geophysical observatories: best installation practices and a case history from Turkey
Downhole geophysical observatories: best installation practices and a case history from Turkey
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井下地球物理观测站：最佳安装实践和土耳其案例历史
DOI：
10.1007/s00531-015-1147-5
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Kartal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Prevedel;Bohnhoff;Kartal
不同类型和不同环境中的井下传感器为信号质量提供了实质性的益处。它们还将深度维度添加到在地球表面进行的测量中。由于没有近地表噪声，特别受益于井下安装的传感器类型包括压力计、地震计、应变计、温度计和倾斜计。同样，钻孔中的地球化学和环境测量有助于消除近地表风化和文化影响。从几百米深到几公里深的安装大大降低了表面噪音水平，后者也明显减少了浅层微地震的震源距离。钻孔网络的布置始终是当地边界条件和所涉及的钻井成本的折衷。长期井下观测站的安装深度和程序可以从有时间限制的安装（带回收选项）到永久固定的传感器。永久胶结传感器已被证明是长期稳定的，具有非劣化耦合和井眼完整性。然而，每一种类型都需要根据研究目的仔细选择和规划。土耳其马尔马拉海东部海岸线沿着新安装的井下地震仪提供了一个方便的案例研究。这些监测站正在并入监测北安纳托利亚断层带的区域网络。在这里，我们讨论它的设计，安装和第一个结果。我们的结论是，尽管存在后勤挑战和安装成本，但井下数据的上级质量使该技术处于应用和基础研究的最前沿。
Downhole sensors of different types and in various environments provide substantial benefit to signal quality. They also add the depth dimension to measurements performed at the Earths’ surface. Sensor types that particularly benefit from downhole installation due to the absence of near-surface noise include piezometers, seismometers, strainmeters, thermometers, and tiltmeters. Likewise, geochemical and environmental measurements in a borehole help eliminate near-surface weathering and cultural effects. Installations from a few hundred meter deep to a few kilometer deep dramatically reduce surface noise levels—the latter noticeably also reduces the hypocentral distance for shallow microearthquakes. The laying out of a borehole network is always a compromise of local boundary conditions and the involved drilling costs. The installation depth and procedure for a long-term downhole observatory can range from time limited installations, with a retrieval option, to permanently cemented sensors. Permanently cemented sensors have proven to be long-term stable with non-deteriorating coupling and borehole integrity. However, each type needs to be carefully selected and planned according to the research aims. A convenient case study is provided by a new installation of downhole seismometers along the shoreline of the eastern Marmara Sea in Turkey. These stations are being integrated into the regional net for monitoring the North Anatolian Fault Zone. Here we discuss its design, installation, and first results. We conclude that, despite the logistical challenges and installation costs, the superior quality of downhole data puts this technique at the forefront of applied and fundamental research.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
Barka, A;Akyüz, HS;Page, W
通讯作者：
Page, W
浅谈“CORK”钻孔水文观测站压力记录的保真度
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
E. Davis;K. Becker
通讯作者：
K. Becker
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Algeroy;J. Lovell;Gabriel Tirado;Ramaswamy Meyyappan;G. Brown;R. Greenaway
通讯作者：
R. Greenaway
帕克菲尔德凹凸体的微地震成像
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
P. Malin;S. Blakeslee;M. Alvarez;A. Martin
通讯作者：
A. Martin
圣安德烈亚斯断层带科学钻探——SAFOD 前五年概述
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
M. Zoback;S. Hickman;W. Ellsworth
通讯作者：
W. Ellsworth