Examining the impact of demographic factors on air pollution
Examining the impact of demographic factors on air pollution
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DOI：
10.1023/b:poen.0000039950.85422.eb
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Neumayer, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cole, MA;Neumayer, E
这项研究增加了新兴文献对人口规模、其他人口因素和污染之间联系的实证研究。我们通过使用更可靠的估计技术并检查两种空气污染物来作出贡献。通过考虑二氧化硫，我们成为第一个在跨国层面上明确检查人口因素对二氧化碳以外污染物影响的研究。我们还考虑了城市化率和平均家庭规模，这些因素被许多先前的跨国计量经济学研究所忽视。对于二氧化碳排放，我们发现有证据表明，人口增长与排放量的比例增长相匹配，而较高的城市化率和较低的平均家庭规模会增加排放量。对于二氧化硫排放，我们发现人口-排放弹性呈u型关系，人口水平越高，人口-排放弹性越高。城市化和平均家庭规模并不是二氧化硫排放的重要决定因素。对于这两种污染物，我们的研究结果表明，发展中国家在全球排放中所占的份额将越来越大。对环境库兹涅茨曲线文献的影响进行了描述，并确定了进一步工作的方向。
This study adds to the emerging literature examining empirically the link between population size, other demographic factors and pollution. We contribute by using more reliable estimation techniques and examine two air pollutants. By considering sulfur dioxide, we become the first study to explicitly examine the impact of demographic factors on a pollutant other than carbon dioxide at the cross-national level. We also take into account the urbanization rate and the average household size neglected by many prior cross-national econometric studies. For carbon dioxide emissions we find evidence that population increases are matched by proportional increases in emissions while a higher urbanization rate and lower average household size increase emissions. For sulfur dioxide emissions, we find a U-shaped relationship, with the population-emissions elasticity rising at higher population levels. Urbanization and average household size are not found to be significant determinants of sulfur dioxide emissions. For both pollutants, our results suggest that an increasing share of global emissions will be accounted for by developing countries. Implications for the environmental Kuznets curve literature are described and directions for further work identified.