The formation of vesicular cylinders in pahoehoe lava flows

The formation of vesicular cylinders in pahoehoe lava flows
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帕霍霍熔岩流中气泡柱的形成

DOI:
10.1080/03091929.2014.955799
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
1.3
通讯作者:
Fowler A
Fowler A
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fowler A

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在许多膨胀的帕霍霍熔岩流中发现了富含气泡的、化学演化的火山岩垂直圆柱体。我们提供了一个假定的理论解释,其形成的基础上,描述的结晶三相(液体,固体,气体)晶体堆中的水饱和的硅酸盐熔体溶解蒸汽,并成为更多的二氧化硅丰富,因为它结晶无水矿物。这些圆柱体类似于在凝固二元合金中形成的管道,这是由于糊状物内足够强烈的多孔介质对流。一个对流模型,除了气泡提供的浮力源表明,有效的瑞利数太低对流发生在糊状的玄武岩熔岩流。然而,在结晶过程中气泡的形成意味着,即使没有对流,基本状态也包括通过晶体糊向上的流体迁移。稳定性考虑表明,形成正反馈是合理的,其中增加的局部孔隙率导致增加的向上流体流动,这带来更多的熔融物并降低液相线温度,促进局部更高的孔隙率。数值解表明,有稳定的解决方案,在圆柱体的形式,我们的结论是,这个模型提供了一个可行的解释,在膨胀的玄武岩熔岩流的泡状圆柱体的形成。
Vertical cylinders of bubble-enriched, chemically evolved volcanic rock are found in many inflated pahoehoe lava flows. We provide a putative theoretical explanation for their formation, based on a description of a crystallising three-phase (liquid, solid, gas) crystal pile in which the water-saturated silicate melt exsolves steam and becomes more silica-rich as it crystallises anhydrous minerals. These cylinders resemble pipes that form in solidifying binary alloys as a result of sufficiently vigorous porous medium convection within the mush. A convection model with the addition of gas bubbles that provide the buoyancy source indicates that the effective Rayleigh number is too low for convection to occur in the mush of a basalt lava flow. However, the formation of gas bubbles during crystallisation means that the base state includes fluid migration up through the crystal mush even without convection. Stability considerations suggest that it is plausible to form a positive feedback where increased local porosity causes increased upwards fluid flow, which brings more silicic melt up and lowers the liquidus temperature, promoting locally higher porosity. Numerical solutions show that there are steady solutions in which cylinders form, and we conclude that this model provides a viable explanation for vesicular cylinder formation in inflated basalt lava flows.
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