Heat flux, water temperature and discharge from 15 northern Canadian rivers draining to Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay
Heat flux, water temperature and discharge from 15 northern Canadian rivers draining to Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay
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加拿大北部 15 条流向北冰洋和哈德逊湾的河流的热通量、水温和流量
DOI：
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103577
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang;D.;Shrestha;R.R.;Li Yung Lung;J.;Tank;S.;Park;H.
这项研究探讨了从15个加拿大北方河流，排水到北冰洋和哈德逊/詹姆斯湾的热通量。通过对现有水温和流量资料的统计分析，确定了流量、水温和热通量与季节气温和降水的关系模式和特征。我们发现，在整个研究区域的流量和水温的季节性周期相似，即大多数河流经历最大流量在6月/7月和最高水温在7月/8月。开放水域季节（5月至10月）的平均流量沿北极海岸沿着由西向东变化（麦肯齐河和皮尔河的产量较高），而哈德逊湾西部和南部的河水流量较高，水温较高。研究河流的总热通量沿北极海岸约为10.0 × 10 ~（12）MJ（沿着），沿哈德逊湾约为2.0 × 10 ~（12）MJ。在9条直接流入北冰洋的河流中，流量最大、水温最高的麦肯齐河输送的热通量最高，1960-2015年敞水季节平均为9.5 × 1012 MJ。这些观测到的流量、水温和热通量模式与CHANGE模型对加拿大北方大多数河流的模拟基本一致。我们的研究结果提供了关键的知识河流热状况和热量输送到北方海域，这将是有用的大尺度气候和海洋模式的开发和验证，以及气候/水文变化调查在更广泛的北方地区。
This study examined heat flux from 15 Canadian northern rivers that drain to the Arctic Ocean and the Hudson/James Bay. Based on statistical analysis of available water temperature and discharge data, we determined patterns and characteristics of discharge, water temperature, and heat flux in relation to seasonal air temperature and precipitation. We found similar seasonal cycles of discharge and water temperature across the study region, i.e. most rivers experiencing maximum discharge in June/July and highest water temperatures in July/August. The mean flows during the open water season (May to Oct.) vary from west to east along the Arctic Coast (with higher yield from the Mackenzie and Peel rivers), while river flows are higher with warmer water temperatures in western and southern Hudson Bay. The summed heat flux for the studied rivers was about 10.0 × 1012MJ along the Arctic Coast and 2.0x1012MJ around the Hudson Bay. Among the 9 rivers flowing directly into the Arctic Ocean, the Mackenzie River with the highest flow and warmest water temperature delivered the highest heat flux, i.e. average 9.5 × 1012MJ over the open water season during 1960–2015. These observed patterns in discharge, water temperature and heat flux were generally consistent with CHANGE model simulations for most rivers in northern Canada. The outcomes of our study provide critical knowledge of river thermal condition and heat transport to the northern seas, which will be useful for large-scale climate and ocean model development and validation, and climate/hydrology change investigations in the broader northern regions.
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